reproductive system

• The reproductive system consists of...

  primary and accessory sex organs
• The primary organs are the...

  Gonads (Testes, ovaries) and their gametes
• The accessory organs are...

  organs that support the production/movement of gametes or development of a zygote(fetus)
• The purpose of the reproductive system is to...

  facilitate reproduction (produce egg and sperm cells [gametes], transport/nurture gametes, develop offspring, and create the hormones that drive these processes)
• The gonads of the male reproductive system are the...

  testes
• Male Reproductive System

  • Organized in ~300 Lobules containing seminiferous tubules where meiosis occurs to produce sperm cells and testosterone.

  • Sperm cells mature in the epididymis, and are then sent through the vas deferens

  • Sperm travels through the vas deferens, then the ejaculatory duct, where the seminal gland adds semen, and the prostate adds lubricant.

  • The sperm and semen (ejaculate) then travels through the urethra and out of the penis

  • The tissue of the penis is mostly spongy vascular tissue (erectile tissue) with smooth muscle that can relax to vasodilate, allowing an increased volume of blood to cause an erection, which positions the penis to better deliver sperm cells to egg cells.
• The gonads of the female reproductive system are the...

  ovaries
• Female Reproductive System

  • The Ovaries are the female gonads and are the site of egg production.

  Immature eggs (oocytes) are already contained in the ovaries at birth, each of which is contained in a follicle. (Which contains supporting cells)

  • After puberty, these eggs mature (oogenesis) one by one each month, and one mature egg is released into the fallopian tubes in a process known as ovulation.

  • Ovulation is regulated by follicle stimulating hormone produced by the pituitary gland. and luteinizing hormone produced by the ovaries!)
• Process of fertilization

  • Fertilization is the fusing of gametes; one sperm and one egg.

  sperm + egg = fertilization

  • The two haploid gametes fuse into one diploid zygote (now 46 chromosomes)

  • This zygote then continues to travel down the fallopian tubes, dividing rapidly into a blastocyst.

  • The blastocyst implants into the endometrium and the outer layer of the will develop into an organ called the placenta, which delivers nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus.

  • Over the course of three trimesters, the blastocyst develops into an embryo, the fetus, and is then ready to be born.
• Meoisis


  The process in which one sex cell divides into four new sex cells. (Creates cells with only one pair of chromosomes compared to mitosis, which creates cells with two pairs of chromosomes)
• Labor


  • the physiological process that begins when the fetus has fully developed, and is ready to be delivered.

  • Labor can be divided into three stages.
• 1st Stage of Labor

  Contractions pushing the fetus against the cervix, causing dilation (This causes the amniotic sac to rupture - water breaking)
• 2nd Stage of Labor

  Contractions move the fetus down through the cervix, and out through the vagina (Delivery and Birth)
• 3rd Stage of Labor

  Delivery of the placenta
• STIS (Sexually Transmitted Infections)

  •The most common STIs are Viral or Bacterial, and spread through direct contact with infected areas, usually during sexual contact. STIs are extremely common, and very often show no symptoms at all (most common symptom = no symptom)

  • STIs can cause long term damage if left untreated.

  • Viral Infections have no cure, but often symptoms can be managed with medication.

  • Bacterial infections can be cured with antibiotics, but reinfection is common.

  • Abstinence, reducing number of sexual partners, using a condom, and getting tested are all effective ways to reduce transmission of STIs
• 3 Things that must happen before sexual intercourse

  1. Consent

  2. STI Tests

  3. Use of a Condom + other contraception
• menstrual cycle + hormones


  answer:

  
• non hormonal contraceptive

  prevents sperm from contacting egg

  condoms

  cervical cap

  copper IUD
• hormonal contraceptive

  the pill

  some IUDs

  implants

  injections

  Thicken cervical mucus, creating a barrier that prevents sperm from entering your uterus and eventually reaching the egg