elizabeth fp

• Who were Elizabeth's potential marriage options?

  Robert Dudley (favourite option but political risks = might have killed former wife). Philip of Spain II (Catholic so no).
• When was marriage issue raised in parliament?

  Jan 1559. 1563 (as Elizabeth has smallpox in Oct 1562 so fear she would die). 1566 (Elizabeth got angry and banned Leicester and Earl of Pembroke from the privy chamber). 1579 after being declared as being able to have a child = potential marriage to Francois Duke of Anjou= brother of King Henry II of France, would have been a child under French influence.
• Who was to be named successor?

  In 1600 James was to be named successor and he already had two sons. Councillors began to 'woo' James straight away.
• How did MQoS anger the English and the Protestant Lords?

  Married Lord Darnley (disaster marriage and Mary implicated husband's murder) (later married Darnley's presumed murderer, the Earl of Bothwell) = brief civil war and Mary fled to England.
• When was Mary executed?

  1587
• When was Elizaberth excommunicated?

  1570 (leading to the tightening of the treason law).
• Which plot occurred in 1571?

  Ridolfi (Mary to marry Duke of Norfolk and overthrow Elizabeth but Burghley executed Norfolk for treason).
• Which plot occurred in 1583?

  Throckmorton (foreign landing in Sussex then overthrow Elizabeth but foiled by Sir Francis Walsingham's espionage work).
• Which plot happened in 1585?

  Parry. Assassination plot (led to the acceleration of parliamentary proceedings on a bill to ensure the Queen's safety).
• Which plot happened in 1586?

  Babington (Mary complicit in plot vs Elizabeth and code breaker of Walsingham, Thomas Phelippes) ensuring the execution of Mary.
• Where was MQoS put on trial?

  Fotheringhay Castle (Privy councillors and nobles were to judge the trial, but many didn't show as they didn't want to prosecute the mother of their potential future king).
• Who secured the execution of MQoS?

  Burghley (believed the Queen and protestants were in danger if Mary lived) (used parliamentary petition which Elizabeth refused to sign until 1 Feb 1587).
• Where was John Hawkins blockaded by a Spanish fleet?


  Mexican port of Suan Juan de Ulua.
• Who was Elizabeth under pressure from to help the Dutch Protestants to defend from Philip who wanted tighter control in the Netherlands?
• Who was Elizabeth under pressure from to help the Dutch Protestants to defend from Philip who wanted tighter control in the Netherlands?

  Her protestant councillors Cecil and Walsingham (she was reluctant to help rebels fighting against sovereignty).
• What happened in Nov 1568?

  Storm forced several Spanish fleets carrying 400,000 florins to take shelter in English ports and the money was impounded by the English (leading to Alba seizing English ships in the Netherlands).
• What did Elizabeth do in 1572 to inadvertently anger the Spanish?

  Expelled the Sea Beggars from English ports, they landed in the Dutch port of Brielle and they sparked off a full-scale revolt against Spanish rule. (By 1576 all provinces had risen against Spanish rule and collectively produced the Pacification of the Ghent = expulsion of all foreign troops and restoration of the provinces autonomy.
• French nearly invaded the Netherlands and so what did Elizabeth nearly do?

  Marry French Duke of Anjou to keep English influence in the Netherlands.
• Provinces in Netherlands became state entities, what were they?

  Union of Utrecht . Union of Arras (Spanish made their peace with these and new governor the Duke of Parma could begin reconquest of the northern provinces).
• What made the Spanish stronger in 1580?


  The annexation of Portugal.
• What did Elizabeth do to show an anti-Spanish position?

  Support Portuguese pretender, Don Antonio. Knighted Francis Drake on circumnavigating the globe. Treated the Spanish ambassador contemptuously.
• Why was the situation in the Netherlands so bad for Elizabeth after 1580?

  After 1580, only Holland and New Zealand were in protestant hands and the rebel leader was assassinated in 1584 (William of Orange).
• What agreement did Phillip II and the Catholic league in France make in 1584?

  Treaty of Joinville (Guise family led the Catholic league and so Phillip could now support Mary Queen of Scots).
• What treaty did Elizabeth make with the Dutch protestant rebels in 1585?

  Treaty of Nonsuch (sent troops to Netherlands under the leadership of the Earl of Leicester) (Leicester quarrelled with the Dutch and returned to England Jan 1588 where he resigned).
• How long did it take to prepare the Spanish Armada to invade England?
• Sailing was delayed because of what?

  English attack on Spanish ships at Cadiz, April 1587. Singeing of Philip's beard.
• When did the Armada set sail?

  22 July 1588 from La Coruna (wanted it to land in the Spanish Netherlands where it could then be commanded by Parma) (sighted off the coast of Cornwall 30 July - 6 August).
• Where did war continue vs the Spanish?

  At sea off western Europe. in the Caribbean. On land in France, Netherlands and Ireland (connected to revolt vs Elizabeth's rule).
• As well as the Armada, when did England have successes against Spain?

  Naval attacks in the Caribbean and on mainland Spain 1585 and 1587. Also 3 English attacks from 1595 vs mainland Spain and also captured Cadiz and sank 4 galleons (Essex).
• Who died after advocating attack on Panama?

  Hawkins and Drake.
• The Spanish also wanted to exploit the rebellion in Ireland so what did the English do?

  Sent a fleet led by Essex to attack the Spanish ships in port but due to wind they driven back to Plymouth and instead sailed to the Azores (showing need for money was more important than a strategic advantage).
• Who was made commander of English forces in 1589?

  Sir Francis Vere.
• By what year were the Spanish expelled from all parts of the northern Netherlands?

  1594
• What did Northern Netherlands become and what happened in the southern Netherlands?

  Northern = Independent state. Southern = stayed under Spanish rule (but kept some sort of autonomy, no major foreign power entrenched in the Netherlands) .
• Why was MQoS such a threat in 1559?


  Married to Francis II who became King of France. Mother from the powerful Guise faction in France. Aul Alliance.
• Which Scottish Protestant complained of female rulers in 1558?

  John Knox, aimed at MQoS but a clear threat to Liz.
• Why did Liz upset the French in 1559?

  Aided the Protestant Lords of Congregation
• When did the English and French agree to withdraw from Scotland?

  1560 Treaty of Edinburgh, had previously agreed to support Scottish nobles at the 1559 Treaty of Berwick.
• When did Francis II die?

  1562
• How did Elizabeth break Cateau-Cambresis?

  Military support for French Huguenots following the Duke of Guise's massacre of Huguenots at Vassy