lesson 6

• Outline


  Summary that gives the essential features of a text and shows how the parts of a text are related to one another as parts that are of equal importance, or sections that are subordinate to the main idea
• Outline


  • Reveals the coherence and complexity of an essay
• Types of outline


  • Topic outline
  • Sentence outline
• Topic outline


  Uses words and phrases to list ideas
• Sentence outline


  Uses complete sentences to define the subject matter
• Topic outline


  1. Headings

  2. Subheadings

  3. Sub-subheadings
• Topic outline


  Makes use of words and phrases from passages or texts to identify main ideas, supporting ideas, and specific details or examples
• Topic outline example


  • Identifies two main ideas about a topic
  • Writes two or three supporting ideas after each main idea
  • Gives two specific details under one supporting idea
• Sentence outline


  Presents the main and supporting ideas in complete sentences
• Sentence outline


  • Particularly useful when discussing a complex topic
  • Develops your critical thinking
• Paragraph


  • A group of sentences that deals with one particular idea
  • Building blocks of an essay
  • Basically function in order to introduce a new idea, develop, compare/contrast information
• Parts of a paragraph


  • Topic sentence
  • Supporting details
• Topic sentence


  • Tells the reader the main idea of your paragraph
  • Reveals what you generally plan to propose, argue, or explain
  • Can be found anywhere
  • Can be explicit or implicit
• Supporting details


  • Elaborates the topic sentence
  • May range from facts, examples, or instances
• Characteristics of a good paragraph

  • Unity
  • Adequate development
  • Coherence
• Unity


  • All of the sentences in the paragraph are related to the topic
  • Should begin and end with one focus only
  • Should have clear and consistent connection to the topic
• Adequate development


  • Paragraph should be elaborated on using concrete evidence, different examples, relevant facts, and specific details
  • Helps your readers become interested in your topic, understand your message, and convince them
• Coherence


  • The sentences are arranged in a logical manner
  • It is achieved when ideas flow smoothly within and between paragraphs
• Logical order


  • Chronological
  • Spatial
  • Emphatic
• Chronological order


  The details are arranged in the order which they happened
• Spatial order


  Arranged according to geographical location such as left-right, up-down
• Emphatic order


  When the information found in paragraph is arranged to emphasize certain points depending on the writer's purpose
• Signal devices


  • Transitions
  • Repetitions
  • Synonyms
  • Pronouns
  • Parallelism
• Post-writing strategies


  • Revision
  • Editing
• Revision


  • The general process of going back through the whole draft
  • Clarifying your writing subject's meaning
  • Focuses on the bigger picture of your draft so you can resolve any significant issues on content that may have otherwise hidden while you were writing
• Editing


  • Also known as proofreading
  • More meticulous process of clarifying meaning by revising each word and line of your draft
  • The writers mark their drafts by using editing symbols