lesson 7

• Patterns of development in writing


  Structures writers use to organize their ideas
• Patterns of development


  • Narration
  • Description
  • Definition
  • Exemplification/classification
  • Comparison and contrast
  • Cause and effect
  • Problem - solution
  • Persuasion
• Narration


  Storytelling, a sequence of events, not necessarily arranged in order, told by a narrator, happening in a particular place at a particular time, creating a world based on the writer's imagination
• Narration (revisiting)

  A world based on the author's memory, the reader is aimed to be transported from one's real world to the reality of the story being read
• Characteristics of narrative writing


  • Vivid description of details
  • Consistent point of view
  • Consistent verb tense
  • Well-defined point or significance
• Vivid description


  Description is appealing to the five senses of the human body, takes the reader into the narrative by letting him/her feel how it is like in the world of your story
• Consistent point of view

  • First - a character within the story tells their own experiences or thoughts
  • Second - the story is from the perspective of "you"
  • Third - the story is told from the view of someone watching from the outside
• Consistent verb tense


  Needed to make clear to the reader whether the story in the narrative had already happened, has been happening for some time now, or will happen sometime in the future
• Well-defined point or significance


  Well-defined point or significance in any narrative is akin to the literary element we call theme, theme is the unifying thought or idea born out of all the other elements of the story, it is not blatantly said in the story; rather, unravelled as the reader reads
• Narrative devices


  Techniques writers utilize to add flavor and enrich the meaning of their stories, with these devices, an author can shorten, lengthen, and/or focus on a particular event in the story
• Narrative devices

  • Anecdote
  • Flashback
  • Time stretch
  • Time summary
  • Flash forward
  • Dialogue
• Anecdotes


  Brief narratives that are written from the writer's memory, can be used as an introduction to an essay, as an example to illustrate a point or as a closing statement that caps things off nicely in your essay or as a memento to your reader that will make him/her remember your narrative
• Flashback


  An event that happened in the past, quickly looking at something that had already happened, not necessarily the focus of a story; rather, more of an addition to explain a point made by the writer
• Time stretch


  A single event in the story that the author focuses writing about, stretched in lengthy sentences and/or paragraphs to achieve emotional intensity
• Time summary

  Characterized by jamming together multiple events and/or shortening a relatively long period of time, can be determined with expressions such as "in a single day...", "Overnight...", "After around a week so...", "A few years after..." etc.
• Flash forward

  An event that has yet to happen in the future, "flashing forward" or quickly looking at something that will happen in the future
• Dialogue

  A narrative does not have narrator who tells a story in accordance to how he/she observes a sequence of events, writers also include dialogues, a word or series of words enclosed in a pair of quotation marks, which signals the characters' spoken language