Methane is a potent GHG with a much higher global warming potential (GWP) than carbon dioxide (CO2) over a 20-year timeframe. It is generated during the anaerobic decomposition of organic waste in landfills, where organic materials break down in the absence of oxygen.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Carbon dioxide is emitted throughout various stages of solid waste management, including waste collection, transportation, treatment, and disposal. CO2 is released during the combustion of fossil fuels in waste collection vehicles, incinerators, and other waste treatment facilities. Landfills also emit CO2 through the aerobic decomposition of organic waste and the oxidation of landfill gas constituents.
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Nitrous oxide is produced through biological processes, such as nitrification and denitrification, occurring in waste treatment facilities, particularly during composting and anaerobic digestion processes.
Other Trace Gases
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
Ammonia (NH3)
Sources of GHG Emissions in Solid Waste Management
Waste Generation
Collection and Transportation
Landfilling
Waste Treatment and Disposal
Waste Generation
Quantity and composition of waste generated, including organic, paper, plastics, and other materials.
Collection and Transportation
Emissions associated with waste collection vehicles, fuel consumption, and transportation distances to disposal sites.
Landfilling
GHG generation in sanitary landfills through anaerobic decomposition of organic waste, leading to methane emissions.
Waste Treatment and Disposal
Emissions from waste treatment methods such as incineration, composting, and anaerobic digestion.
