PT2

• • REPRESENTATION- Involves ensuring that all genders are adequately represented and is included in decision-making process. Everyone regardless of gender is represented in certain case or scenario.
• STEREOTYPING- Refers to oversimplified, often prejudiced assumption made about individuals based on their gender. Giving labels on individuals because of gender. Aims to challenge and avoid reinforcing stereotypes that perpetuate harmful gender norms and inequality
• LANGUAGE- Plays a crucial role in shaping perception and attitudes towards gender. Focusing in using inclusive language
• LANGUAGE ARTICULATES CONSCIOUSNESS • As children, we learn to use language to express our basic needs and feelings • As we grow older, we use language to form our opinions and order our thoughts
• II. LANGUAGE REFLECTS CULTURE • Cultural meanings and values are verbalised and transmitted through language • As a result, language becomes a tool for perpetuating stereotypes
• PORTAYAL- How genders are depicted in media, literature and advertising. Emphasizes portraying individuals in diverse and non-stereotypical roles, avoiding over-representation and under representation of any genders.
• LANGUAGE AFFECTS SOCIALIZATION • We learn the norms of the society or group that we are in, and conform to these norms. • Children learning a language absorb all the underlying meanings of words.
• • Inequalities reflected in language can affect the child’s beliefs and behaviours. Ano’ng trabaho mo? Wala. Housewife lang.
• SEXISM IN LANGUAGE? -Refers that use of language that reinforces stereotypes, perpetuates gender inequalities, or discriminate against individuals based on their gender.
• GENDER-BASED DISCRIMINATION BASED ON Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW): it is any distinction, exclusion or restriction made on the basis of sex, which has the purpose or effect of denying equal exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms in all fields of human endeavors.
• ELEMENTS OF GENDER-BASED DISCRIMINATION ACTION: that distinguishes, excludes or restricts a person
• ELM-•BASIS: The sex, gender identity or expression, sexual orientation of the person
• ELM-PURPOSE OR EFFECT: Person discriminated is denied the equal exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms.
• SEXISM IN LANGUAGE • Use of language that devalues members of a sex or gender, and thus fosters gender inequality.
• WHY IS SEXISM IN LANGUAGE CONSIDERED GENDER-BASED DISCRIMINATION? • Renders members of one sex or gender invisible or trivializes them • Perpetuates notions of male supremacy • Promotes gender role stereotyping
• THE GENERIC "HE" AND "HIS" THE PROBLEM: • There is no gender-neutral singular pronoun in the English language. So by default, "he" and "his" are often used in the generic sense. However, these pronouns, when used to replace generic "man," pose the same problems
• Some professions and occupations have become gendered, often excluding, or at least discouraging the other sex from pursuing the profession. • Paints the picture of the ideal person for the profession or occupation as a man (most often); as a result, women have difficulty entering the profession or advancing their career
• 2. LANGUAGE THAT TRIVIALIZES WOMEN, DIMINISHES THEIR

  STATURE

  FEMININE SUFFIXES

  (-ess, -ette, -trix, -enne)

  THE PROBLEM:

  • Unnecessary reference is made to the person’s sex

  • Usage suggests triviality, unimportance, or inferiority of women

  occupying such a position
• USE OF SEX-LINKED MODIFIERS THE PROBLEM: • Sounds gratuitous, is patronizing and suggests that the norm for some occupations is for a particular sex. • Implies that they are not real doctors, lawyers, etc. • When you need to point out the female aspect of the person occupying the position, use "female" or "woman" instead of lady.
• LANGUAGE THAT DISPARAGES AND MARGINALIZES WOMEN • Language that disparages and marginalizes women (or persons of another gender PROBLEM: • Some commonly used terms inherently represent women as having less worth than men • Some words and phrases have, over time and usage, become associated with negative connotations
• LANGUAGE THAT DISPARAGES AND MARGINALIZES WOMEN

  • Language that disparages and marginalizes women (or persons of

  another gender

  PROBLEM:

  • Some commonly used terms inherently represent women as having

  less worth than men

  • Some words and phrases have, over time and usage, become

  associated with negative connotations
• MINORITY W-ETHNIC W
• BACHELOR G-UNMARRIED W
• HOUSEWIVES-HOUSE MAKERS
• GIRL FRIDAY- ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT
• STARLET- ASPIRING ACTOR
• YOUNG GIRLS-TEENAGE WOMEN
• In formal correspondence, don't use "Dear Messrs.," "Dear Sirs," or any similar format when addressing a body of several individuals. • Instead, use gender-neutral opening statements: EXAMPLE: "Dear board members," or "Dear councilors"
• Use the corresponding title for females whenever a title is appropriate for males. EXAMPLE: "Dr. Gina Ramos" or "Prof. Maria Cruz"
• • In letters to unknown persons, be specific instead of using "Dear Sir," "Gentlemen" and assuming that the recipient is a male ALTERNATIVES: "Dear Colleague" or "Editor" or "Professor"
• • Even in work relationships where one is superior than the other, stick to parallelism: WRONG: "Rep. Arcillas and her assistant Girlie" CORRECT: Rep. Arcillas and her assistant Ms. Santos"
• USE OF TERMS THAT CALL ATTENTION TO A PARTICULAR SEX IN DESIGNATING CONCEPTS, ROLES, OCCUPATIONS, ETC. PROBLEM: • Calls unnecessary attention to the sex of the subject • Makes unnecessary distinction between women and men, thereby perpetuating stereotypes
• MOTHERHOOD-PARENT HOOD
• STEWARDESS-FLIGHT ATTENDANT
• HEADM-PRINCIPA L
• CLEANING W-CLEANERS
• CHAMBERMAID-HOUSE KEEPERS
• GENDER POLARIZATION OF MEANINGS IN THE USE OF ADJECTIVES GENDER POLARIZATION PROBLEM: The terms "womanly," "manly," "feminine" and "masculine" depict each sex as being solely associated with particular attributes, and therefore perpetuate stereotypes. ALTERNATIVE: Use specific words instead to express every shade of meaning PROBLEM: Some words have "manly" and "womanly" versions ALTERNATIVE: Use a generic word not associated with gender stereotypes
• ELIMINATE SEXISM WHEN ADDRESSING PEOPLE FORMALLY • Use "Ms." instead of "Miss" or "Mrs.," even when a woman's marital status is known • Use a married woman's first name instead of her husband's (e.g., "Ms. Annabelle Lee" not "Mrs. Herman Lee")Use the corresponding title for females ("Ms.," "Dr.," "Prof.") whenever a title is appropriate for males.
• • Preferred Pronoun: A term used to describe gender pronouns that a person wants others to use when referring to them, such as: he/him/his, she/her/ hers, or they/them/theirs.