Organs of Digestive System

• Digestive System


  -a system where a certain group of organs work together to convert food into energy to feed the body
• three main divisions:


  ○ Mouth region or oral cavity

  ○ Gastrointestinal tract

  ○ Accessory organs
• Lips


  have sensory receptors that can detect the texture and temperature of food.
• Palate


  mouth’s upper boundary where food is pushed against when chewing.
• tongue


  functions for tasting, mixing, and swallowing food.
• Papillae


  are tiny bumps on the upper surface of the tongue that contain taste buds.
• Teeth


  -functions to physically break down the food down.

  Incisors: cutting

  Canines: tearing

  Premolars: tearing, crushing

  Molars: grinding, crushing
• Pharynx


  -connects the mouth to the esophagus.

  ○ Nasopharynx: passageof air only

  ○ Oropharynx: passageof food and air

  ○ Laryngopharynx: passage of food only
• Epiglottis


  cartilaginous tissue that prevents the entry of food and water into the respiratory tract.
• esophagus


  long muscular tube where food travels from the mouth to the stomach.
• sphincters


  prevent the backflow of food.
• stomach


  -hollow and curved organ that functions for the storage and breakdown of food.

  -Large muscular sac that continues the mechanical and chemical digestion of food

  -produces acids, mucus, and enzymes that help in digestion.
• Rugae


  -inner walls have folds that allow the stomach to stretch to store large meals
• 3 sections of stomach

  cardia, fundus, pylorus
• stomach sphincters


  cardiac and pyloric sphincters
• small intestine


  -long tube where the final digestion takes place.

  -absorbs most of the end of the nutrients and minerals from where the food takes place
• Duodenum


  chyme mixes with enzymes
• Jejunum


  site of nutrient absorption
• ileum


  site of digestion and further absorption
• Large intestine


  -final organ of the digestive system.

  -It is the site for vitamin and water absorption.

  -It converts chyme into feces
• Salivary Glands


  -secrete saliva into the mouth that clean the teeth, lubricate the food, and allow chemical digestion.

  -consist of the parotid gland, submandibular gland, and sublingual gland.
• Liver


  -second largest organ, produces bile which aids in lipid digestion.
• Gallbladder


  -stores and holds the bile until it is needed in the duodenum.
• Pancreas


  -yellowish organ that secretes pancreatic juice.

  -essential in breaking down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates in food.