Psychology pt 2

• Foot-in-the-door


  Tendency to agree/do larger requests after responding to a smaller request
• Zimbardo


  Lucifer effect (how good people can do bad things)/Stanford prison experiment. Explains the elements that make it possible for good people to hurt others.
• Role Playing


  People take on the role of what they feel are proper for that situation.
• Group Polarization


  If a group is like minded/individuals tend to make decisions more extreme than If they were alone.
• Groupthink


  mode of thinking occurs when desire for harmony in a decision occurs leading to irrational decision making outcome.
• Just-world- phenomenon


  Tendency for people to believe world is just and people get what they deserve and deserve what they get.
• Social Traps


  situation where conflicting parties, by each pursing their own interests, become caught in mutually destructive behavior
• In-group


  People who one shares a common identity with (associated with).
• Hindsight bias


  Tendency to believe after learning an outcome that we would have predicted it all along.
• Mere exposure effect


  Mere exposure to a stimulus will increase the liking of it (preference for something just because you are familiar with it).
• Bystander effect

  Tendency for any bystander to be less likely to help if other bystanders are present.
• Reciprocity Norms


  expectations we should return help and not harm to those who have helped us.
• Biological 


  explores link between brain and mind.
• Introspection


  looking inward at ones own mental processes
• structuralism


  proposes that the structure of conscious experience could be understood by analyzing the basic elements of thoughts and sensations.  (Wilhelm Wundt)
• Psychoanalytical theory


  all behavior is meaningful and driven by unconscious forces.
• Basic Research


  Pure science aims to increase scientific knowledge base.
• Applied Research


  aims to solve practical problems
• Operational definition


  clear statement of what one is looking for in an experiment.
• Random Sample


  Everyone has an equal chance of being selected for experiment because the participants are chosen at random.
• Representative Sampling


  Take results from a smaller group and apply that to a larger group of people.
• Hawthorne effect


  if you know you are being studied you will act differently than you normally/typically would.
• Case study


  full detailed picture of one participant/or small group of participants.
• Z-score


  type of standard score that tells us how many standard deviation units a given score is above or below the mean of that group.
• Myelin Sheath


  fatty covering around axon (carries nerve impulses) of some neurons that speeds the neural impulse.
• Sensory Neurons (afferent)


  neurons that carry incoming info from the sensory receptors (nose,ears, hands) to the central nervous system.
• Interneuron 


  central nervous system neurons that internally communicate and intervene between sensory inputs and motor outputs.
• Motor Neurons (Efferent)

  
  

  Neurons carry incoming info from central nervous system to the muscles and glands.
• Agonist


  a substance that mimics the actions of a neurotransmitter or hormone to produce a response when it binds to a specific receptor in the brain
• Antagonist


  inhibits, by blocking neurotransmitters.
• Central Nervous System (CNS)


  Brain and spinal cord
• Peripheral Nervous System


  sensory + motor neurons that connect CNS to the rest of the body.
• Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)


  division of PNS that controls glands +muscles of internal organs (Heart)
• Somatic Nervous system (SNS)


  Part of PNS that controls the body's skeletal muscles.
• parasympathetic NS (PNS)


  subcategory of ANS arouses body, rest, conserves energy.
• pituitary gland


  The pituitary gland is considered the "master gland" of the endocrine system. Hormones secreted from the pituitary gland help regulate growth, metabolism, and numerous other bodily functions and processes.
•  electroencephalogram (EEG)

  amplified recording of waves of electrical activity, waves are measured by electrodes placed on the skull.
• PET (positron emission tomography) 


  Visual display of brain activity that detects where radioactive form glucose goes while brain preforms a certain task.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)


  Technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer generated image that distinguishes between the types of soft tissue in the brain.
• Medulla


  connected to base of brain stem, controls our blood pressure. heart rate and breathing.