embryology

• Embryology


  Study of the development of an organism from fertilization to the eighth week.
• Prenatal Periods


  Stages of development before birth, including pre-embryonic, embryonic, and fetal phases.
• Gametogenesis


  The process of forming mature male and female gametes (sperm and egg cells) from germ cells.
• Meiosis


  A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, essential for sexual reproduction.
• Trisomy


  A genetic disorder characterized by the presence of an additional chromosome, such as Down syndrome (trisomy 21).
• Monosomy


  A genetic condition in which a cell has only one copy of a particular chromosome, resulting in 45 chromosomes.
• Fertilization


  The fusion of a sperm cell with an egg cell to form a zygote, initiating the development of a new organism.
• Morula


  A solid ball of cells that forms at an early stage of embryonic development, before the blastocyst stage.
• Ectopic Pregnancy


  The implantation of a fertilized egg outside the uterus, often in a fallopian tube, which can be life-threatening and requires medical intervention.
• Germ Layers


  The three primary layers of cells in the early embryo that give rise to all the tissues and organs of the body.
• Organogenesis


  The process of organ formation during embryonic development, involving the differentiation and organization of cells into functional organs.
• Cleft Lip and Palate

  A congenital condition in which the tissues of the lip and/or palate do not completely fuse during fetal development, leading to a gap or opening.
• Primary Palate


  The front portion of the developing palate and upper lip, formed during embryonic development.
• Secondary Palate


  The portion of the palate that forms later in embryonic development, contributing to the separation of the oral and nasal cavities.
• Blastocyst


  A structure formed in the early development of mammals, consisting of a hollow ball of cells with an inner cell mass that will develop into the embryo.
• Anencephaly


  A serious birth defect in which a baby is born without parts of the brain and skull, typically resulting from a failure of the neural tube to close properly during embryonic development.
• Odontogenic Epithelium


  The specialized epithelial tissue involved in the formation and development of teeth during embryonic and fetal stages.
• Incisive Foramen


  A midline opening in the bone of the hard palate, allowing for the passage of nerves and blood vessels to the front teeth and surrounding tissues.
• Prosoposchisis


  A developmental anomaly characterized by a cleft or opening in the facial structures during embryonic development.
• Chromosomal Abnormalities


  Disorders caused by an abnormal number or structure of chromosomes, leading to genetic conditions such as Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and Klinefelter syndrome.
• Trimesters


  The three distinct periods of approximately three months each that divide the nine months of human pregnancy, each marked by specific stages of fetal development.
• Prenatal life


  The period from fertilization to birth, encompassing the growth and development of the embryo and fetus
• Morula


  A cluster of cells formed by rapid mitotic division following fertilization, preceding the formation of the blastocyst
• Blastocyst


  A fluid-filled hollow ball formed from the morula by the 4th day of development, essential for implantation in the uterus
• Ectopic pregnancy


  The implantation of a blastocyst outside the uterus, often leading to complications and requiring medical intervention
• Germ layer


  Distinct cell layers (ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm) formed during the pre-embryonic period, giving rise to different tissues and organs
• Primitive streak


  A structure appearing in the third week of development, playing a crucial role in establishing the body axis and germ layer formation
• Cephalic


  Relating to the head end of the embryo, including the development of the brain and facial structures
• Caudal


  Relating to the tail end of the embryo, involved in the development of the spinal cord and lower body structures
• Organogenesis


  The period during which germ layers give rise to specific organs and tissues, marking the beginning of organ formation
• Ectoderm


  The germ layer giving rise to the central nervous system, epidermis, and sensory organs during embryonic development
• Mesoderm


  The germ layer giving rise to muscle, heart, and connective tissue, playing a crucial role in the development of the musculoskeletal and circulatory systems
• Endoderm


  The germ layer giving rise to the lining of the gut and respiratory tract, contributing to the formation of the digestive and respiratory systems
• Facial Development


  The intricate process of forming the face between the 4th and 10th week of gestation, involving the development of facial structures and features
• Pharyngeal arches


  Structures crucially involved in early facial development, contributing to the formation of the jaw, mouth, and neck structures
• Intermaxillary segment


  The merged maxillary and medial nasal swellings that play a pivotal role in forming the upper lip during facial development
• Limb buds


  The early formations of the arms and legs in the embryo, representing the initial stages of limb development
• Palate


  The structure that separates the oral and nasal cavities, formed during the 7th and 8th week of gestation, essential for feeding and speech
• Facial clefts


  Fissures occurring during embryonic development, leading to abnormalities such as cleft lip and palate, requiring specialized medical attention
• Reason for Occurrence


  Factors contributing to the development of cleft lip and palate, including genetic predisposition and environmental influences