GEN BIO 2 WEEK 6 Q4

Subdecks (2)

Cards (32)

  • Musculoskeletal System

    The system that provides support, structure, and movement to the body
  • Skeletal System

    • Provides support and protection
    • Produces blood cells
    • Stores minerals
  • Cellularity
    The percentage of blood cells produced in different organs during development
  • Types of Skeleton

    • Exoskeleton - bony structure found externally (vertebrate) - skin derivatives [dermis and epidermis]
    • Endoskeleton - bony structure found internally
  • Types of Exoskeleton

    • Chitin exoskeleton
    • Calcium carbonate exoskeleton
  • Classification of Bones by Location

    • Axial skeleton - located in the median axis of the body
    • Appendicular skeleton - located at the sides of the body
  • Classification of Bones by Shape

    • Long bones - elongated and cylindrical
    • Short bones - small and cubed
    • Irregular bones - varied shapes that permit connections with other bones
    • Round bones - circular in shape
    • Flat bones - platelike with broad surfaces
  • Tendon
    Connects muscle to bone
  • Ligament
    Connects bone to bone
  • Cartilage
    Flexible connective tissue found in many areas of the body, stiffer and less flexible than muscle
  • Bone Cells

    • Osteoblast - responsible for secreting matrix, ostein
    • Osteoclast - performs bone reabsorption
  • Types of Muscles

    • Smooth Muscles - act on the lining of the body's passageways and hollow internal organs
    • Cardiac Muscles - forms the wall of the heart and responsible for the contraction of the heart
    • Skeletal Muscles - muscles attached to bone that cause body movements
  • How Muscles Work

    1. Biceps contracted, triceps relaxed (extended)
    2. Triceps contracted, biceps relaxed
  • Origin
    The end of a muscle that does not move
  • Insertion
    The end of a muscle that moves when the muscle contracts
  • Muscle Movements

    • Adduction - moving body part toward the midline
    • Abduction - moving body part away from midline
    • Flexion - decreasing the angle between two bones or bending a body part
    • Extension - increasing the angle between two bones or straightening a body part
    • Rotation - turning a body part around its own axis
    • Circumduction - moving in a circle at a joint
  • Cellulose
    A polysaccharide that makes up the cell wall of plants
  • Plants do not have muscles, but they do have motor cells in the region where the leaf connects to the stem
  • 15 years of age in girls and 16 in boys

    Longitudinal growth of bone continues until approximately