5.4 Retrieving

• What is recall?


  the process of bringing information from stored memories into conscious awareness.
• What is retrieval?


  the process of recalling information from memory such as feelings, images, and events.
• What is recognition?


  when you notice something you learned previously
• What is relearning?


  measures how much faster someone can learn material that has been previously learned and then forgotten.
• What is the serial position effect?


  how people tend to remember information in a list that is mentioned first or last. The information mentioned in the middle is more forgotten.
• What is the recency effect?


  better recall for items at the end of a list
• What is the primacy effect?


  better recall for items at the beginning of a list
• What is the method of loci?


  is a mnemonic device in which a person memorizes information by placing each item to be remembered in different spatial locations.
• What is the peg word mnemonic?


  This mnemonic device puts numbers and words together to help us memorize a scheme. These often rhyme like "1-SUN, 2-SHOE, 3-TREE, 4-DOOR, and 5-HIVE."
• What is the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon?

  the temporary inability to remember something you know, accompanied by a feeling that it's just out of reach
• What is priming?


  the activation of a memory by association. Hearing one stimulus leads to the activation of another.
• What is state-dependent memory?


  how what we learn in one state will be easier to recall in that same state.

  
  

  Example- If someone is drunk and left their keys somewhere, they probably won't remember where when they sober up. However, if they get drunk again, they will remember where they left their keys last time
• What is context-dependent memory?


  We retrieve a memory more easily when in the same context as when we formed the memory
• What is mood-congruent memory?


  when humans store memories about an event, they don't just store memory, they also store the emotion they felt at that time along with the memory.
• What is the recovered memory phenomenon?


  when individuals suddenly remember events repressed for many years, often through therapy.
• What are constructed memories?


  can be false details of real events or a completely made up event
• What is the spacing effect?


  says that people learn material easier and more effectively when it is studied several times over a long period of time rather than in a short period of time.
• What is the testing effect?


  says that you have an enhanced memory after retrieving information, rather than rereading it.