5.9 Intelligence

• What is intelligence?


  the ability to learn and the capacity for knowledge
• What do individualistic cultures value?


  value being on your own and gathering resources for yourself
• What do collectivist cultures value?


  value group efforts and contributing to the group as a whole
• What did Charles Spearman believe about intelligence?

  believed we all have 1️⃣ general intelligence, called a "g" factor. G underlies specific mental abilities that can be measured on an intelligence test.
• What is factor analysis?


  a statistical procedure identifying clusters of items that could measure your intelligence.
• What did L.L. Thurstone believe about intelligence? How many factors did he envision?

  thought that intelligence could be broken up into different categories; seven categories
• What are the categories that L.L Turnstone divided intelligence into?

  Word fluency

  Verbal comprehension

  Spatial ability

  Perceptual speed

  Numerical ability

  Inductive Reasoning

  Memory
• What did Turnstone believe about success in one category?

  he believed that someone who succeeds in one category can also find success in the other 6 categories.
• What did Howard Gardner believe?

  multiple intelligences; did not think there was one factor g determining intelligence
• What is savant syndrome?


  a condition in which a person with generally limited mental abilities exhibits exceptional skill or brilliance in some limited field
• Daniel Goleman came up with -

  emotional intelligence
• What is emotional intelligence?


  the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
• Robert Sternberg agreed with the idea of -

  multiple intelligences
• What was Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory?


  Analytical, Practical, and Creative intelligence
• What is analytical intelligence?


  academic ability to solve well defined problems
• What is practical intelligence?


  common sense
• What is creative intelligence?


  How well you can come up with your own ideas and solutions.
• Raymond Cattel believed -

  there is general intelligence, but there are two different types
• What are the two types of general intelligence that Raymond Cattel believed in?

  Fluid intelligence and Crystalized intelligence
• What is fluid intelligence?


  the ability to solve problems logically and think in abstract ways
• What is crystalized intelligence?


  the sum of knowledge, facts, and skills an individual has acquired over their lifetime
• With age, we gain ____________ intelligence and lose _________ intelligence.

  crystallized; fluid
• What is speed of processing?


  essentially just how fast we can process things
• What is the stereotype threat?


  concept that some people feel more anxious in achieving high intelligent performance when part of a group that has a negative stereotype.
• Who came up with the stereotype threat concept?

  Claude Steele
• What is the Flynn effect?


  the trend that there is an increase in intelligence testing scores over time. The average intelligence score in the 1940s is lower than the average intelligence score in 2019.