Consists of a disk with a picture on each side, attached to two pieces of string
When the strings are twirled rapidly, the images on both sides blend together, creating the illusion of a single, combined image
Demonstrates the persistence of vision, where the brain retains an image for a short moment after it disappears from sight, resulting in the fusion of the two images into one
Early animation device that was one of the first tools to demonstrate continuous movement
Consists of a disc or drum with a series of sequential images drawn around its circumference
When the disc or drum is spun and viewed through slits, often with the aid of a mirror, the images appear to blend together, creating the illusion of motion
Operates on the principle of persistence of vision, where the brain retains an image briefly after it disappears from sight, allowing the sequential images to merge into a fluid animation
One of the earliest forms of animation and played a significant role in the development of motion pictures
Pre-film animation device that creates the illusion of motion by displaying a sequence of drawings or photographs in rapid succession
Typically consists of a cylinder with vertical slits around its circumference and a series of images placed on the inside surface
When the cylinder is spun and viewed through the slits, the images appear to blend together, producing the illusion of continuous motion
Operates on the principle of persistence of vision, where the brain retains an image briefly after it disappears from sight, allowing the sequential images to merge into a fluid animation
One of the earliest forms of animation and played a significant role in the development of motion pictures
Also known as a flip book, flipbook, or flicker book
A booklet containing a sequence of images that gradually change from one page to the next
When the pages are rapidly flipped, the images appear to animate, creating the illusion of motion
An early form of animation device that demonstrates the principle of persistence of vision, where the brain perceives continuous motion from a series of still images presented in rapid succession
A simple yet effective way to create the impression of movement without the need for specialized equipment
Used for entertainment, education, and artistic expression, and played a significant role in the development of animation
Communicates message to large, heterogeneous, and anonymous audiences
Communicates the same message to mass audiences simultaneously, sometimes in public, other times in private
Embodies messages that are usually impersonal and transitory
Multisensory, stimulating the audience's sight and hearing in concert, forming a complex synergism that can significantly enhance communication
A formal, authoritative channel of communication, where the communicator's ability to control visual and aural stimuli contributes to its power in informing and entertaining
Instrumental in behavior and attitude modification – attitude formation, change, conservation, and canalization
Confers status upon issues, persons, organizations, or social movements
Informal Production - created by people just for personal consumption
Formal Production - made by professionals, such as film directors, who follow the standard of the industry when it comes to the refinement and creation of motion media