Tectonic Hazards

• Tsunamis are large ocean waves that are usually caused by underwater earthquakes.
• How do volcanoes form?

  Magma from beneath the crust breaks through and over time cools over and over again - eventually becoming a volcano.
• What are examples of chemical hazards?

  Toxic substances, flammable materials, corrosive chemicals, and reactive compounds.
• What does the term 'epicentre' mean?

  The point directly above the focus, where the seismic waves reach the surface first.
• What are seismic waves?

  Energy waves that travel out from the focus of an earthquake.
• What is the focus of an earthquake?

  The point at which pressure is released - the original point.
• What does the term 'deep focus earthquakes' mean?

  1. Usually small and common
  2. Seismic waves spread and damage wide area
• What dose the term 'shallow focus earthquakes' mean?

  1. Occur on destructive margins
  2. Damage is localised as seismic waves travel vertically but is more powerful than deep focus earthquakes.
• What are some ways to predict earthquakes?

  1. Satellite surveying (tracks changes in the earth’s surface)
  2. Seismometers
  3. Laser reflectors (surveys movement across fault line)
• How are earthquake proof buildings made in LIDCs?

  1. They’re made out of light materials.
  2. Foundations are built into the ground for extra support and to absorb seismic waves.
• What are some ways to protect against earthquakes?

  1. Building earthquake-resistant buildings
  2. Raising public awareness
  3. Improving earthquake prediction systems
• How are earthquake proof buildings made in ACs?

  1. Foundations are built into the ground for extra support and absorb seismic waves.
  2. Buildings are built to wobble to absorb seismic waves.