Physical Science - 4rth Quarter

• Thales - Concluded that Earth is a disk floating on water.
• Kepler - He was famous for defining laws of planetary motion.
• Geocentric - A model wherein Earth is assumed to be at the center of of it all
• Heliocentric - A model wherein the Sun is assumed to be the center of the universe.
• Retrograde - Movement of heavenly bodies from west to east.
• Pythagoras - the first person to propose that the Earth was spherical.
• Full moon - This phase when the moons face is completely bright and we can see an entire circle in the sky.
• Eclipse - An astronomical event that occurs when the light from one celestial body is obscured by the passage of another between it and the observer or between it and its source of illumination.
• Copernicus - Credited for the creation of the Heliocentric model of the universe.
• Gelileo - He was famous for discovering Jupiter's 4 moons.
• Polaris - Also known as the north star.
• Anaximander - Universe is surrounded by rim of fire.
• Motion of spheres - Motion of planets were mathematically related to musical sounds and numbers.
• Plato - Earth is a form of a globe having its extremes in every direction equidistant from the center.
• Eudoxus of Cnidus - created the homocentric model, Celestial spheres share one commoncenter which is the Earth.
• Aristotle - Geocentric believer, Believed that all stars are stars are fixed points which rotate on earth it has 56 spheres.
• Erastosthenes - mathematically compute the Earth’s circumference.
• Claudius Ptolemy - Stars are fixed bodies attached to a solid spherical exterior part of the universe.
• Aristarchus of Samos - Stated that the sun and stars are fixed and, 1sttoplace the sun at the center of the universe.
• Galileo Galilei - His findings were published in Sidereus Nuncius ○ “The Starry Messenger”
• Kepler

  1. Law of Planetary Motion
  2. Law of Equal Areas
  3. Law of Harmonies
• Laws of planetary motion - States that the orbits of the planets are ellipses with the sun at one focus
• Laws of planetary motion - Point closes to sun is PERIHELION and farthest is APHELION
• Law of equal areas - Planets travel faster during perihelion
• Law of harmonies -

  • The larger the orbit, the larger the revolutionTheymoveinconstant harmonious motion
• Aristotle - described earth as imperfect; the pure substances (earth, water, air, fire) are combined in our world an fire and these mixtures wanna separate to be pure or perfect again.

  • Motion of celestial videos is circular cuz it’s perfect.
• Natural Motion -

  • Happens naturally without forcing the motion to happen
  • Either straight up or down
• 4 theories of motion by Aristotle

  1. An object which is made up of earth material falls toward the center of the Earth because it seeks its natural place
  2. Heavy objects fall faster than the lighter ones
  3. Objects fall faster in air than in water
  4. Objects sometimes move away from their natural places
• Galileo - Believed that the motion of objects is NOT simply due to the composition of objects and motion can be solved by math. (Disproved Aristotle)
• Horizonatal Motion

  An object in motion will continue to be in motion if unobstructed

  ● An external force is not necessary for it to maintain the motion
• Vertical Motion - If object encounters a resistive force equal to or greater than its weight, it’ll slow down and reach a uniform motion until it reaches the bottom.
• VERTICAL UPWARD MOTION

  ● Vertical path pero pataas and slows down because of gravity.
• PROJECTILE MOTION - Combination of horizontal and vertical motion
• Isaac Newton’s Laws - He concluded that the earth is attracted to apple and apple to earth.
• LAW OFINERTIA - object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will remain in motion with the same velocity unless acted upon by unbalanced forces
• LAW OF ACCELERATION - acceleration of an object is directly related to the net force and inversely related to its mass

  F=a*m, a=f/m, m=f/a

  
• LAW OF INTERACTION - For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
• LAW OF UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION - All objects are attracted to every other particle in the universe with a force.
• Law of Universal Gravitation

  ● M is the mass

  ● R is the distance between the objects

  ● G is the gravitational constant = 6.673x10-11N*m2/kg2