cours 8

• Emotion


  Organized psychophysiological reaction to changes in environment
• Emotion

  • Evolved because of its adaptive value concerning fundamental life tasks
• Mood


  Diffuse, longer-lasting, and not attributable to any specific event emotional state
• Reaction Triad of Emotions


  • Physiology
  • Feelings
  • Expression
• Emotion

  • Tendency to action
• James-Lange Theory of Emotion

  Physical changes cause emotions

  
• James-Lange Theory of Emotion

  • Mere perception of a specific emotion-triggering fact is sufficient to produce physical changes
  • Physical changes are specific to emotions
  • Conscious experience of physical changes is the emotion

  
• Emotion


  An organized psychophysiological reaction to changes in the environment, which has evolved due to its adaptive value concerning fundamental life tasks
• Mood


  A diffuse, longer-lasting emotional state that is not necessarily tied to a specific event. Unlike emotions, moods are more generalized and can persist over a longer period.
• Reaction Triad of Emotions

  • Physiology
  • Feelings
  • Expression
• The Reaction Triad of Emotions works together to form a comprehensive emotional response
• Emotions are often accompanied by a tendency to action, influencing behavior and decision-making
• James-Lange Theory of Emotion


  Physical changes in the body cause emotions. The mere perception of a specific emotion-triggering event is enough to produce physiological changes that are specific to different emotions. The conscious experience of these physical changes is what constitutes the emotion itself.
• By understanding these concepts, we can gain insights into how emotions and moods function, the components of emotional responses, and the relationship between physical sensations and emotional experiences as proposed by the James-Lange Theory.
• Emotion


  Organized psychophysiological reaction to changes in environment
• Emotion


  • Evolved because of its adaptive value concerning fundamental life tasks
• Mood


  Diffuse, longer-lasting, and not attributable to any specific event emotional state
• Reaction Triad of Emotions

  • Physiology
  • Feelings
  • Expression
• Emotion


  • Tendency to action
• James-Lange Theory of Emotion


  Physical changes cause emotions
• James-Lange Theory of Emotion


  • Mere perception of a specific emotion-triggering fact is sufficient to produce physical changes
  • Physical changes are specific to emotions
  • Conscious experience of physical changes is the emotion

  
• The association between electrophysiological response patterns and subjective emotional states were long considered too weak and nonspecific to support the James-Lange Theory
• Schachter-Singer Two Factor Theory of Emotion


  Emotional experience is determined by both the perception of a situation and its evaluation, along with the perceived but only cognitively explainable autonomous arousal
• Schachter-Singer Two Factor Theory of Emotion

  • Indistinguishable Arousal States: There is no distinguishable difference between arousal states for different emotions
  • Necessity of Arousal: Bodily arousal is necessary but not sufficient on its own for the experience of emotions
• Process of Emotional Identification

  1. Perceive physiological arousal

  2. Search the environment for cues to explain the arousal
• Two-Factor Interpretation of Love


  Passionate love consists of a state of physiological arousal and the labeling of that arousal as "passion" or "being in love"
• High adrenaline situations


  Can increase romantic attraction due to the misattribution of arousal
• Increased physiological arousal


  May be misattributed as sexual attraction
• Certain emotions seem to provoke specific arousal patterns
• Facial Feedback Hypothesis


  Facial expressions influence emotional experiences

  
• Large-scale replication failed to reproduce results of the Facial Feedback Hypothesis experiment, casting doubt on the robustness of the hypothesis
• A 2019 meta-analysis of 138 studies confirmed small but robust effects of the Facial Feedback Hypothesis

  
• Ekman's Neuro-Cultural Emotion Theory


  There is a limited number of basic emotions, each characterized by specific feeling, physiological changes, and facial expression

  
• Ekman's Neuro-Cultural Emotion Theory


  • Genetically, hard-wired anchored motor facial expression programs
  • Display rules

  
• Except for "fear," all basic emotions were recognized at a high rate by the Fore tribe in New Guinea, who had almost no contact with Western culture
• Follow-up studies in 10 other cultures reinforced the concept of the universality of facial expressions for basic emotions

  
• Basic Emotions according to Izard (1977)


  • Joy
  • Interest/Excitement
  • Surprise
  • Sadness
  • Anger
  • Disgust
  • Contempt
  • Fear
  • Shame
  • Guilt

  
• Pride is also considered a distinguishable basic emotion
• Complex emotions may be a mixture of basic emotions
• Regional dialect variations emerged most clearly for serenity, shame, contempt, as well as anger, sadness, surprise, and happiness