Social Psychology

• Attachment is a strong reciprocal emotional bond between an infant and a primary caregiver

  
• Schaffer and Emerson's 1964 study on attachment:

  • Aim: identify stages of attachment / find a pattern in the development of an attachment between infants and parents
  • Participants: 60 babies from Glasgow
  • Procedure: analyzed interactions between infants and carers
  • Findings: babies of parents/carers with 'sensitive responsiveness' were more likely to have formed an attachment
• Freud's superego is the moral component of the psyche, representing internalized societal values and standards
• The self-concept is influenced by cultural factors and functions to help individuals understand themselves in a social context

  
• The self-concept is shaped by cultural influences and serves various functions such as introspection, self-awareness, and intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation
• The book "Social Psychology" by Elliot Aronson, Timothy D. Wilson, Robin M. Akert, and Samuel R. Sommers covers topics like self-control, impression management, self-esteem, attitudes and attitude change, conformity, group processes, interpersonal attraction, prosocial behavior, and aggression
• Schaffer and Emerson's 1964 study on attachment aimed to identify stages of attachment and find a pattern in the development of attachment between infants and parents
• In glacial environments, the 2 main forms of erosion are abrasion and plucking
• Abrasion in glaciers is a sandpapering effect caused by small rocks embedded within the glacier rubbing on bedrock, leaving a smooth surface with scratches called striations
• Plucking in glaciers occurs when meltwater freezes around broken or cracked parts of rock, breaking it off from the bedrock or sides as the ice moves down the slope
• The physical processes that influence glaciated upland landscapes include erosion, transport, deposition, weathering, and mass movement
• When glaciers and ice sheets cover the land, they cause the erosion, transport, and deposition of sediments within the glaciated landscape
• Schaffer and Emerson's 1964 study on attachment:

  • Aim: identify stages of attachment / find a pattern in the development of an attachment between infants and parents
  • Participants: 60 babies from Glasgow
  • Procedure: analysed interactions between infants and carers
  • Findings: babies of parents/carers with 'sensitive responsiveness' were more likely to have formed an attachment
• Social Psychology book cover: "Social Psychology" by Elliot Aronson, Timothy D. Wilson, Robin M. Akert, and Samuel R. Sommers

  
• Chapter on physiological influences includes effects of alcohol, pain, heat, and motivation for rape
• Chapter on social situations and aggression covers frustration, provocation, reciprocation, insults, weapons as cues, sexual assault case
• Chapter on violence and the media discusses studying effects of media violence, experimental and longitudinal studies, and determining cause and effect
• Chapter on decreasing aggression covers punishing aggression, catharsis, effects of aggressive acts on subsequent aggression, controlling anger, and disrupting the rejection-rage cycle
• Chapter on prejudice covers causes, consequences, and cures, including defining prejudice, stereotypes, emotions, discrimination, detecting hidden prejudices, effects on victims, and reducing prejudice
• Chapter on social psychology in action for a sustainable future discusses applying social psychology to achieve a sustainable and happy future, conveying and changing social norms, and promoting a sustainable lifestyle
• Chapter on social psychology and health includes stress, resilience, negative life events, perceived stress and health, coping strategies, gender differences, social support, reframing traumatic events, and promoting healthier behavior
• Chapter on social psychology and the law covers eyewitness testimony, mistaken eyewitness judgments, group processes in juries, confessions, and deliberations in the jury room
• Chapter 8 of "Social Psychology" includes a new section on tactics of social influence, such as the foot-in-the-door and door-in-the-face techniques
• Chapter 8 also discusses the role of normative social influence in trends like the polar plunge and the ALS ice bucket challenge that went viral on social media in 2014
• Chapter 9 focuses on group processes and includes a new section on the relationship between group diversity, morale, and performance
• Deindividuation is discussed in Chapter 9, considering its manifestation in online contexts
• Chapter 10 of "Social Psychology" has a new opening vignette focusing on Tinder and other dating-related apps/websites
• Chapter 10 also expands on the treatment of fertility and attraction, and includes new research on the relationship between genetic similarity and attraction
• Chapter 11 has revised sections on religion and prosocial behavior, and on positive psychology
• Chapter 11 now discusses recent research by van den Bos on appraisal and bystander intervention, and includes media examples like the movie Kick Ass
• Chapter 12 has undergone significant organizational changes for clarity and narrative flow
• Chapter 12 unifies various answers to the question of the origins of aggression, with special attention to gender and aggression
• Chapter 12 also includes a section on the case of sexual assault, updating references and adding the latest studies about causes of rape and sexual assault
• Chapter 13 includes more on the Implicit Association Test (IAT) as it relates to measuring implicit bias
• Chapter 13 now has more social neuroscience research on social categorization and expands its discussion of the effects of prejudice on its targets
• The "Social Psychology in Action" chapters have been updated with many references to new research
• The "Social Psychology in Action" chapters remain shorter to make it easy to integrate them into different parts of the course
• Authors Elliot Aronson, Timothy D. Wilson, Robin M. Akert, and Samuel R. Sommers collaborated on the book "Social Psychology"
• Participants in the study were 60 babies from Glasgow
• Procedure of the study involved analyzing interactions between infants and carers