England

• Unlike other devolved bodies, England doesn't have its own parliament, instead it is governed by the UK parliament in Westminster
• The conservative government introduced city regions with metro mayors as an alternative to local government
• London has the most devolved powers in England controlled by a directly elected mayor, Sadiq Khan and the London Assembly have power over policing, transport and economics development, e.g. congestion charge and free travel for youth
• The West-Lothian question is the question of whether the devolved regions should have the power to effect laws for England.
• English Votes for English Laws (EVEL) was introduced in 2015 to tackle the West-Lothian question allowing English MPs to veto any legislation affecting England
• The Barnett Formula is used to determine the amount of funding given to each of the devolved bodies
• Since Tony Blair introduced devolution in 1997, all UK Prime Ministers , until Boris, have been supportive of it, as it is seen as positive for democracy and key to keeping the union together, and keep Scottish nationalism at bahuy
• Boris Johnson was against devolution as he failed to work closely with the devolved administrations and would clash with the Scottish and Welsh parliament over COVID policies
• Rishi Sunak increased tensions hugely by blocking Scotland's proposed Gender Reform Bill, which was going to introduce a self-identification for those who wanted to change gender and allowed 16 and 17 year olds to do so. Sturgeon strongly criticised this use of Section 35 order as she said it was an attack on the Scottish Parliament and its ability to make its own decisions