social influence

• what are the three types of conformity?


  Internalisation, identification, compliance
• which is the most superficial type of conformity?

  compliance
• which is the deepest/permanent type of conformity?

  internalisatiob
• which type of conformity is when someone publicly and privately agrees but stops when the person is no longer a member of the group?

  identification
• which explanation for conformity is when someone confirms because they are uncertain and look to others for guidance?

  informational social influence
• which explanation for conformity is when someone confirms to fit in and gain approval?

  normative social influence
• what did Asch do?


  put 1 pp in a room of confederates to text conformity using a line experiment

  in some trials the seven confederates gave the wrong answer to the line comparison
• what was Aschs' main finding?

  1/3 of pps, on average, conformed to giving the clearly incorrect majority answer
• what 3 factors affect conformity?

  Group size, unanimity, task difficulty
• what is a confederate?


  An actor who participates in a psychological experiment pretending to be a subject but in actuality working for the researcher
• what is a social role?


  a part we play in society that changes depending on the environment
• what type of conformity is involved in conformity to social roles?

  identification
• what did zimbardo do?


  Stanford Prison Experiment

  two groups- prison guards and prisoners

  saw how they conformed to each role

  all male psychology students
• What is de-individuation?


  a person loses their individuality and personal values and takes on the group values
• how was de-individuation achieved in Zimbardo's study?


  the prisoners referred to themselves and others by their prison numbers instead of their names
• What is dehumanization?


  remove the personal human qualities
• how was dehumanisation achieved in Zimabardo's study?

  prisoners wore numbered smocks, nylon stocking caps to simulate shaved heads, chains around their ankles, and guards wore khaki uniform and reflective sunglasses (no eye contact)
• what did milgram do?


  Tested normal people to see if they would kill under instruction by giving fatal electric shocks
• what did milgram find?

  100% of pps went to 300 volts and 65% went to the maximum fatal 450 volts
• what are situational factors?

  proximity, location, uniform
• what were the 3 proximity variations that Milgram investigated?


  participant was in the same room as 'leaner'

  touch proximity

  remote instruction (instructions through telephone)
• what did milgram find/conclude?


  first condition, obedience dropped 40%, second one dropped further 30%, third one, dropped further 20.5%
• what was the location variation that milgram investigated?


  changed from yale university to a run down building
• what did he find/conclude?

  obedience fell to 47.5%- the location has authority, with the connotations attached to it
• what was the uniform variation that milgram investigated?

  experimenter dress in everyday normal clothing instead of a grey lab coat
• what did he find/conclude?

  obedience levels dropped to 20%- ordinary clothes make the experimenter lose their authority association from the pps
• what are social psychological factors?


  Agentic state and legitimate authority
• what is meant by agentic state?


  acting as an agent for somebody else's responsibiltu
• how can agentic state link to Milgram's study?

  pps handed their responsibility to the authority figure
• what is legitimacy of authority?


  someone who is perceived to be in a position of social control
• what is meant by a dispositional explanation?


  Obedience affected by a person's personality.
• What is a dispositional explanation for obedience called?

  the authoritarian personality
• who proposed this theory?

  theodor adorno
• how did he investigate his theory?

  used the F-scale questionnaire
• what did he propose led to this type of personality?


  stems from childhood if parents are too harsh or strict
• what is meant by resistance to social influence?

  those who refuse to conform or obey and therefore can resist social pressure and instead maintain independent behaviour
• what evidence is there that social support reduces conformity?


  Asch's unanimity variation- the presence of an ally who also gave the right answer caused conformity levels to drop to 5.5%
• what evidence is there that social support reduces obedience?


  Milgrams variation where a pp was one of a team of 3 testing the learner. the other 2 were confederates and refused to continue shocking and withdrew. This made only 10% continue to maximum level shock
• what is meant by locus of control?


  a persons perception of personal control control over their own behaviour
• on what dimension is locus of control measured?


  'high internal' to 'high external