PCBI101: ARTICULAR

• Articulation or Joint


  The physical connection between two bones
• Joints


  • Hold bones together
  • Allow movement
  • Make bone growth possible
• Arthrology


  The science that deals with the study of joints
• Functional Classification of Joints


  • Synarthrosis - immovable joint
  • Amphiarthrosis - slightly movable joint
  • Diarthrosis - freely movable joint
• Structural Classification of Joints


  • Fibrous Joints
  • Cartilaginous Joints
  • Synovial Joints

  
• Fibrous Joints


  • Bones united by fibrous connective tissue
  • Allow little or no movement
• Types of Fibrous Joints


  • Sutures
  • Syndesmoses
  • Gomphoses
• Sutures


  Fibrous joints between the bones of the skull, immovable due to interlocking junctions between the bones and short numerous connective fibers

  
• Syndesmoses


  Fibrous joints where the bones are separated by some distance and are held together by ligaments

  
• Gomphoses


  Consist of pegs fitted into sockets and held in place by ligaments
• Cartilaginous Joints


  • Unite two bones by means of cartilage
• Types of Cartilaginous Joints


  • Synchondrosis
  • Symphysis

  
• Synchondrosis


  Bones joined together by hyaline cartilage

  
• Symphysis


  Bones joined together by fibrocartilage

  
• Synovial Joints


  • Commonly referred to as freely movable joints, but their flexibility does vary
  • All synovial joints have certain characteristics in common

  
• Types of Synovial Joints


  • Plane or Gliding Joints
  • Saddle Joints
  • Hinge Joints
  • Pivot Joints
  • Ball and Socket Joints
  • Ellipsoid or Condyloid
• Plane or Gliding Joints


  Consist of two opposed flat surfaces that glide over each other
• Saddle Joints


  Consist of two saddle-shaped articulating surfaces oriented at right angles to one another, allow movement in two planes
• Hinge Joints


  Consist of a convex cylinder of one bone applied to a corresponding concavity of the other bone, permit movement in one plane
• Pivot Joints


  Consist of the rounded end of one bone fitting into a ring formed by the other bone, restrict movement to rotation around a single axis
• Ball and Socket Joints


  Consist of a ball at the end of one bone and a socket in an adjacent bone into which a portion of the ball fits, allows a wide range of movement in any direction
• Ellipsoid or Condyloid


  A modified ball and socket joint in which the joint surfaces are elongated, the shape of the joint limits its range of movement nearly to a hinge motion, but in two planes