ATTACHMENT

• What is reciprocity?

  when each person responds to the other and elicits a response from them
• Give an example of reciprocity

  Smiling - When a smile occurs in the infant it triggers a smile in the caregiver, and vice versa.
• What are alert phases?


  Where an infant signals that they are ready for interaction.

  +As time goes on they tend to become more frequent and involve close attention to each others verbal signs and facial expressions.
• What is interactional synchrony?

  When two people carry out the same action simultaneously
• What was Meltzoff and Moore's procedure?


  They got the adults to perform 1 of 3 facial expressions/gestures and filmed the response of the baby
• What did Isabella et al find?

  High levels of synchrony were associated with better quality mother-infant attachment
• How many mothers and babies did Isabella et al assess

  30
• Caregiver-infant interactions are filmed in a laboratory


  [+] Other activity that can distract the baby can be controlled,, Observations are recorded and analysed and this means it's unlikely for researchers to miss behaviours.//Filmed interactions means the observer can record data and establish inter-rater reliability-Babies dont know they are being observed and therefore they dont change their behaviour in response to observation.//This makes data collected valid and reliable
• It can be hard to interpret babies behaviours.


  [-] Babies can lack co-ordination and are almost immobile. Movements being observed are only slight movements/ facial expressions.//This makes it difficult to determine what the baby is doing and whats happening from the baby's perspective. This means we cant be sure if behaviours seen have a special meaning
• Observation alone doesn't tell us the developmental importances


  [-]FELDMAN points out that ideas like synchrony only gives names to patterns of observable behaviours// These are robust phenomena as they can be reliably observed but they may not be useful in development as it doesn't give reasons for behaviours// This means you cant be certain from observational research alone that reciprocity and synchrony are important for children's development
• {Counter}There is evidence from other research that early interactions are important


  Isabella found that achievement of interactional synchrony predicted the development of a good quality attachment//This means that CG-I interactions are likely to be important in development