lesson 3

• MP3 (MPEG Audio Layer 3)


  A common format for consumer audio, as well as a standard of digital audio compression for the transfer and playback of music on most digital audio players
• M4A/AAC (MPEG-4 Audio/Advanced Audio Coding)


  An audio coding standard for lossy digital audio compression, designed to be the successor of the MP3 format, AAC generally achieves better sound quality than MP3 at similar bit rates
• WAV


  A Microsoft audio file format standard for storing an audio bitstream on PCs, has become a standard file format for game sounds, among others
• WMA (Windows Media Audio)


  An audio data compression technology developed by Microsoft and used with Windows Media Player
• Audio helps recall memories, enhance brain activity and stimulate the brain  

  (Molineux, 2007). Audio most commonly refers to sound, as it is transmitted in signal  

  Form. 

   

  Audio media is very useful in developing the listening skills of students (especially  

  for language learning). Audio media supports distance learning. Audio media helps in  

  memorization (music, mnemonics, etc.) 

   

   

  Audio media means prerecorded magnetic tapes used for noncommercial  

  playback of sound on audio equipment 

   
• Radio broadcast


  Live or recorded audio sent through radio waves to reach a wide audience
• Music


  Vocal and/or instrumental sounds combined in such a way as to produce beauty of form, harmony, and expression of emotion. It is composed and performed for many purposes, ranging from aesthetic pleasure, religious or ceremonial purposes, or as an entertainment product
• Sound recording


  Recording of an interview, meeting, or any sound from the environment
• Sound clips/effects


  Any sound, other than music or speech, artificially reproduced to create an effect in a dramatic presentation, as the sound of a storm or a creaking door
• Audio Podcast


  A digital audio or video file or recording, usually part of a themed series, that can be downloaded from a website to a media player or computer
• Tape


  Magnetic tape on which sound can be recorded
• CD


  Plastic-fabricated, circular medium for recording, storing, and playing back audio, video, and computer data
• USB drive


  External flash drive, small enough to carry on a key ring, that can be used with any computer that has a USB port
• Memory Card


  Small storage medium used to store data such as text, pictures, audio, and video, for use on small, portable, or remote computing devices
• Computer hard drive


  Secondary storage devices for storing audio files
• Internet/Cloud


  Websites or file repositories for retrieving audio files, and more precisely the files are stored in some datacenter full of servers that is connected to the Internet
• Elements of the Sound Design:

  Dialogue - speech, conversation, voice-over  

  Sound Effects - any sound other than music or dialogue  

  Music - vocal or instrumental sounds (or both) combined in such a way as to produce beauty of form, harmony, and expression of emotion.  
• Principle of Sound Design:  

  Mixing - the combination, balance and control of multiple sound elements  

  Pace - time control, editing, order of events (linear, non-linear or multi-linear)  

  Stereo imaging- Using left and right channel for depth. This refers to the aspect of sound recording and reproduction.  

  Transition- how you get from one segment or element to another  
• Types of Transitions  

  Segue - one element stops, the next begins ("cut" in film).  

  Cross-fade - one element fades out, the next fades in, and they overlap on the way.  

  V-Fade - First element fades to inaudible before the second element begins.

  Fade to Black - V-Fade with some silence between elements.  

  Effects – are animation options within a presentation.  

  Stereo Imaging - Using left and right channel for depth.
• Elements Characteristic

  Volume - intensity of a sound  

  Tone - the audible characteristic of a sound  

  Pitch - is how high or low a sound is  

  Loudness - refers to the magnitude of the sound heard.