Medical microbiology

• Define Genus

  Closely related but non-interbreeding species
• Define Species

  Similar, interbreeding organisms
• Pathogen

  Disease causing organism
• What is the requirement for specimen collection

  You must use sterile containers
• Define pathogen

  A disease causing organism
• Define infection

  Conflict between two organisms where the outcome depends on immunity.
• Define an opportunistic infection

  Infection caused by a weakened immune system.
• Define mycology

  The study of fungi
• Why is refrigeration of specimens used

  Prevents multiplication
• What are the cons of refrigerating a specimen

  Some won't survive and some grow well at low tempreatures.
• Why are specimens usually cultured at 37C

  This is human body tempreature
• What microbes cause pneumonia

  Bacteria and viruses.
• What are the three modes of infection for pneumonia.

  Inhalation. Aspiration of normal flora. Blood.
• What are the main symptoms of pneumonia

  Chest pain. Difficulty breathing. Cough and sputum.
• What is sputum

  Thick mucus in the lungs
• What type of bacteria is pneumonia

  Gram positive
• What colour does pneumococci stain

  Purple or Blue.
• What is the most common bacterial cause of pneumonia

  Streptococcus pneumoniae.
• What are the main symptoms of tuberculosis

  Fatigue. Weight loss. Weakness and fever. Blood-stained sputum.
• what causes blood-stained sputum in tuberculosis

  Tissue destruction
• What causes tuberculosis

  Inhalation of mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Which version of tuberculosis is asymptomatic

  Primary
• What is miliary TB

  Invasion of the blood stream by TB.
• What is a tubercle

  Small granulomas containg macrophages
• How does the body respond to tuberculosis infection

  Contains the mycobacteria in a tubercle