As Mr of ketones and aldehydes increases, so do their boiling temperatures. This is because the number of London Forces also increases proportionally.
Aldehydes and ketones do not possess hydrogen bonding, because all their hydrogen atoms are attached to carbon atoms.
Only smaller aldehydes and ketones (i.e. smaller chainlength) are soluble in water, since they can form hydrogen bonds.
To test for a carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone), add Brady’s reagent (2,4-DNPH). If a carbonyl compound is present, an orange precipitate will form. You can then either use Tollen’s reagent to identify between a ketone and aldehyde, or take the melting points of the orange crystals formed and compare with a database.
