Philip

• Diodorus; general description of Philip: “brilliant strategist and outstandingly brave”
• Demosthenes; description of Philip: “untrustworthy liar” “a crook”
• Justin; Philip‘s dishonesty: “pretend kindness where he hated… counterfeit dislike where he loved”
• Justin; Philip being ruthless: “no road to victory was, in his opinion, dishonourable“
• Diodorus; Philip’s arrogance: “he counted himself worthy to be enthroned among the twelve gods”
• Diodorus; Philip prides himself on strategy: “Prouder of his skill as a strategist and his diplomatic successes than his abilities on the battlefield“
• Justin; Philip at the beginning of battle in Third Sacred War: “as if watching from a watchtower“
• Diodorus; Philip fights the Illyrians: “although he desired peace, he would never agree to it unless the Illyrians withdrew from all the Macedonian towns“ “the Illyrian army was forced to turn to flight“
• Diodorus; Philip in the army against Illyria: “Philip fighting heroically alongside his elite troop“
• Diodorus; Philip dealing with Paeonia: “winning them over with a combination of bribery and generous promises“ ”defeated the barbarian in battle and made the subjects of Macedon“
• Diodorus; Philip make peace with Thrace and stops Pausanias: “put an end to Pausanias’ bid for the throne by bribing the Thracian king who was intending to see the restoration“
• Diodorus; Philip‘s pride in his own diplomacy: “The credit of those which was a result of diplomacy was his alone”
• Diodorus; state of Macedon when Philip takes over: “Macedonwasin a bad way“ “no stomach for war”
• Diodorus; Philip doesnt want Alexander taking glory at Chaeronea: “refusing to yield the credit for victory even to Alexander”
• Diodorus; Philip’s improvements to army morale: “he aroused their courage and raised their morale“
• Diodorus; improvements to Macedonian weaponry: “equipped his men with suitable weaponry“
• Philip improving army: “improved discipline in the ranks“ “the Macedonian phalanx was his creation“
• Diodorus; Philip using bribery in Greece: “bribed the Greeks to betray they homelands“
• Justin; grooming of Alexander: “pretending violent love for him” “he took the kingdom from Arrybas and gave it to the youth“ “criminal intercourse“
• Diodorus; after Methone Philip gives land: “distributed the farmland to Macedonians”
• Demosthenes; Philip’s court: “brigands, flatterers“ “the kind who get drunk and indulge in dances who’s very names I refuse to mention”
• Justin; Philip’s relationship with Alexander of Epirus: “pretending violent love“ “criminal relations“
• Diodorus; Philip’s court: “fugitives from Asia residing at the court of Philip“
• Diodorus; Philip defeated by Onomarchus in the third Sacred War: “Onomarchus with his superior numbers defeated him in two battles and slew many of the Macedonians”
• Demosthenes; Philip let’s Athenian garrison leave after Potidaea: “having captured some of our citizens, let them go… he also sent a letter in which he states that he was ready to make an alliance“
• Plutarch; Philip’s character compared to Epaminondas: “comprehended his efficiency in war an campaigns but was neither by nature nor choice inclinced to copy his restraint, justice and magnanimity and gentleness“
• Diodorus; Philip motivating his men after being defeated by Onomarchus: “byt arousing the courage of the majority, he got them with great difficulty to obey his orders”
• Diodorus; Philip’s treatment of Onomarchus‘ body: “Onomarchus drowned and Philip had his body crucified as a temple robber”
• Justin; Battle of Crocus Field, Religious aspect: “ordered his men to assume crowns of laurels” “as if he were the avenger of the sacrilege“ “incredibly great glory to Philip in the opinion of all people, who called him ‘the avenger of the dog and the defender of religion‘”
• Diodorus; Philip returns to Macedon after Third Sacred War: “having increased his kingdom by his. deeds and by his respect for the gods”
• Diodorus; Philp’s income from Crenides/Philippi: “annual income of more than a thousand talents“
• Diodorus; how Philip uses his money from the gold mines: “not only mustered a large force of mercenaies but Leo bribed any Greeks to betray their homelands“
• Coin of Philip

  Obverse: garlanded head of Apollo

  Reverse: chariot & charioteer holding a torch in his right hand and rings in his other

  Date: c.340

  Significance: religious imagery, link to Olympics, Philip as a leader, wealth, links to Apollo/Delphi
• Demosthenes; speech about going to help Olynthus: “no associate of his whom he has not cheated“ “it i by deceiving… that he has grown in power”
• Diodorus; the initial assaults on Olynthus cost too much: “costing him a lot of men“
• Diodorus; Philip uses money too get into Olynthus: “asking whether the walls were unscalable by cash“ “he bribed the leading men” “expansion owed more to money than arms”
• Justin; the brutality of the siege of Olynthus: “overwhelming it with blood and slaughter“ “spared neither the temple of immortal gods” “he appeared less as the avenger of sacrilege than once who sought licence to commit it“
• Diodorus; Philip allows the Phocian general to withdraw safely: “Phalaeus withdrew under a guarantee of safe passage to the Peloponnese along with his mercenaries“
• Peace of Philocrates

  • Philip should stay north of Thermopylae
  • Philip’s claim to Amphipolis is recognised 
  • Between Macedonia and Athens(+ her allies)
• Demosthenes; claims that Philip manipulated Athens with the peace of Philocrates: “hoodwinking us throughout“