subcultural strain theories

• Status frustration (Cohen)


  frustration when WC boys are denied the opportunity of social status, so turn to illegitimate means of status in delinquent subcultures
• Cloward and Ohlin's three types of deviant subcultures


  1. Criminal subcultures

  2. Conflict subcultures

  3. Retreatist subcultures
• Criminal subcultures


  provides WC youth with insight into a career of utilitarian crime. Associates with adult criminals who act as role models for them.
• conflict subcultures


  high levels of social disorganisation where violence results from frustration and a desire for respect
• Retreatist subcultures


  The 'double failures' who fail in both legitimate and illegitimate opportunity structures often to turn to 'dropout' subculture based on illegal drug use.