Genetics

• What is Meiosis?


  A type of cell division
• What does Meiosis produce?


  4 Genetically different haploid daughter cells
• What gametes does meiosis produce in the human body?

  Sperm and Egg cells
• What does Haploid Mean?


  Half the number of chromosomes than in a normal cell
• How many Chromosomes do Humans have?


  46
• How many chromosomes does a haploid cell have?


  23
• What is a gamete?


  Sex Cell
• What is DNA?


  A large strand of genetic information in a double helix structure
• What is a Nucleotide?

  A single unit of DNA made from a sugar, phosphate and a base
• What is a Base?

  The variable region of DNA
• What are the 4 Bases?


  Adenine[A], Thymine[T], Cytosine[C], Guanine[G]
• What is a gene?

  A section of DNA that codes for a protein
• What is an Allele?


  Different Versions of the same gene.
• What is DNA made up of?

  Smaller units called nucleotides
• What is a nucleotide made up of?

  It's made up of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
• What is the structure of DNA?

  a double helix formed from two strands of nucleotides held together by weak hydrogen bonds between G-C and A-T complementary base pairs.
• What are the complementary base pairs?

  Adenine-Thymine, Guanine-Cytosine
• What type of bond holds the double helix structure in DNA?

  Weak Hydrogen Bonds
• How many chromosomes does a child inherit from each parent?

  23 from each side
• What do chromosomes come in?

  Pairs
• What is a diploid cell?

  A   cell that contains two complete sets of chromosomes
• What are the several aims of the human genome project?

  To discover every genes in the human genome .

  Determine the order and sequencing of all the base pairs

  To develop faster methods for sequencing DNA
• What is the Human Genome project?


  The Human Genome Project (completed in 2003) was the name of the international, collaborative research effort to determine the DNA sequence of the entire human genome and record every gene in human beings. 
• What is a genome?

  The entire genetic material of that organism.
• Why is the human genome project important?


  To Identify what people could be at risk to genetically.

  To understand genes and their role in health and disease.

  For Doctors to find and provide new personalized treatment
• What is Genomic Sequencing ?

  Determining the order of nucleotides in an organism's DNA.
• Describe how changes in DNA sequence can affect an individual and influence their medical treatments?


  According to the Human Genome Project, Doctors can give medicine to their patients according to their DNA sequence . A change in someone's DNA sequence, a mutation, would then mean that they would be receiving the wrong medicine . A mutation can also cause diseases like cancer. However, a mutation could also help humans to adapt better to their environment over time.
• What are some advantages of the Human Genome Project?

  Vaccine Development

  Prevent and Predict diseases

  Accurate Diagnoses

  Improve Forensic Science
• Genetic Variation is the differences in alleles that make up an organism's genome.
• A Phenotype is the physical expression of a gene.
• A Dominant Allele is an allele that is always expressed and is dominant over the recessive allele
• A recessive allele is only shown in the phenotype when both alleles are recessive.
• A genotype are the two alleles a person has for a charactersitic
• Homozygous alleles are when the two allele are the same.
• Heterozygous alleles are alleles that are different from each other.
• A mutation is a change in the base sequence of an organism.
• Continuous Variation is where there are continuous measurements of the phenotype.[smallest to largest]
• What is an example of continuous variation

  Height,Weight
• Discontinuous Variation is where the characteristics can only take a limited set of values.
• What is an example of discontinuous Variation?

  Eye colour ,Blood Group