Ch.9- Joints

• synathroses


  immovable joints composed of joints, fibrocartilage, or hyaline aka fibrous

  ie. suture

  
• amphiarthrosis


  slightly movable joints composed of cartilage or fibrocartilage aka cartilaginous

  ie. where the fibula and tibia meet

  public symphysis

  
• diarthroses


  free moveable synovial joint composed of articular cartilage aka synovial

  ie. tibia, hips, femur, hands

  
• synovial fluid


  in the diarthroses in which it lubricates the joint

  
• synovial sac


  contains the synovial fluid and makes a gap so joints can move

  
• bursal sac


  larger sac of synovial fluids
• hinge


  elbow

  
• ball and socket


  shoulder

  
• gliding


  wrist

  
• saddle


  thumb

  
• condyloid


  knuckles

  
• pivot


  neck

  
• atlas vertebrae


  the first cervical vertebrae

  
• thoracic cage


  bony, cartilaginous structure surrounding the thoracic cavity

  
• pelvic girdle


  consists of two hip bones (sacrum and coccyx)

  
• pectoral girdle


  consists of clavicle and scapula

  
• flexion


  type of angular movement where you flex or bend your arm together decreasing the angle
• extension


  type of angular movement when you bend your arm back, increasing the angle
• hyperextension


  type of angular movement when you move your arm further back than normal anatomical positioning
• abduction


  type of angular movement is when you raise your arms away from your body
• circumduction


  type of angular movement that combines all 5 angular movements that allow the forearm to move in a circle while the elbow remains stable
• adduction


  type of angular movement when you move your arms back down to your body
• rotational


  when you move your whole arm to turn the bone around its axis
• supination


  being able to turn the palm of your hand anteriorly
• pronation


  being able to turn your hand backward or posteriorly
• dorsiflexion


  Flexion of a body part in an upward (dorsal) direction

  
• plantarflexion


  Flexion of a body part in a downward (ventral) direction

  
• suture


  is a fairly rigid joint between two or more hard elements of an organism, with or without significant overlap of the elements.

  
• joint


  the sites where two or more bones meet

  
• fibrous joint


  a fibrous joint is where the bone ends are held together by fibrous connective tissue ( primarily composed of collagen fibers)

  
• cartilaginous joint


  the articulating bones are held together by a pad or disc of cartilage.

  
• bursal sac


  larger sac containing synovial fluids
• synarthroses joint


  Immovable joints
• diarthroses joint


  freely moveable joint
• amphiarthroses joint


  Slightly movable
• ligaments


  Connect bone to bone
• gliding joint


  allows one bone to slide over another; found in wrist and ankles

  
• saddle joint


  Two concave surfaces fit against a convex surface

  Thumbs

  
• hinge joint


  Joint between bones (as at the elbow or knee) that permits motion in only one plane

  
• pivot joint


  a freely moving joint in which movement is limited to rotation