PRPM112: OVERVIEW OF ORGANIC REACTIONS

• addition reactions


  two reactants add together to form a single new product with no atoms "left over."

  
  

  A + B → AB

  
• elimination reactions


  a single reactant splits into two products

  
  

  AB → A + B

  
• substitution reactions


  two reactants exchange parts to give two new products.

  
  

  AB + C → CB + A

  
• rearrangement reactions


  single reactant undergoes a reorganization of bonds and atoms to yield a single isomeric product.

  
• reaction mechanism


  explains how reactions occur or how atoms rearrange
• reaction mechanism


  due to movement of valence electrons
• reaction mechanism

  Results with:

  - Bond breaking

  - Bond forming
• radical reactions


  one electron (lone) moves

  
  

  homolytic and homogenic
• polar reactions


  two electrons (pair) move together

  
  

  heterolytic and heterogenic
• homolytic

  heterolytic


  bond breaking
• homogenic

  heterogenic


  bond forming
• electrophiles


  "electron-loving"
• electrophiles


  atoms with a positive charge; attracted to negative charge
• electrophiles

  "electron-loving"


  - Attracted to a (-) charge.

  - Electron-poor

  - Often (+) charged
• nucleophiles


  "nucleus-loving"
• nucleophiles


  negatively charged so they are attracted to the + nucleus
• nucleophiles

  "nucleus-loving"


  - Attracted to a (+) charge.

  - Electron-rich

  - Often (-) charged