L1

• Academic writing


  • Clear and precise
  • Focused and well-structured
  • Well-sourced
  • Correct and consistent

  
• Academic writing is not personal, long-winded, or emotive and impressive
• Complexity of academic writing


  • Texts become more difficult to comprehend in terms of subject matter, language, arrangement of words and grammar
  • Vocabulary used is more advanced with formal words and noun-based phrasing
  • Longer sentences containing clauses are important
  • Passive voice is essential to establish the objective style
• Formality of academic writing


  • More formal words and phrases are used
  • Avoids colloquial words and expressions, abbreviations and two-word verbs
  • Uses accurate terminologies and avoids inappropriate or wrong words and phrases
  • Is specific especially in dealing with facts, figures, and dates
• Objectivity of academic writing


  • Prohibits the use of personal point of views and biases
  • Is more concerned with facts and arguments which are based on a thorough examination of the evidence
• Complexity


  Academic writing tends to be more complicated and has longer words. The texts becomes more difficult to comprehend in terms of subject matter, language, arrangement of words and grammar. The vocabulary used to express high level of complexity is more advanced because it requires more formal words and the phrasing is more noun-based. Longer sentences containing clauses are important, and the passive voice is essential to establish the objective style desired in academic works.
• Formality


  In academic writing, more formal words and phrases are used. The following characteristics contribute to this higher level of formality: a more formal vocabulary choice, correct use of grammar, accurate use of vocabulary, a more objective style. Avoid colloquial words and expressions, abbreviated forms, and two-word verbs.
• Accuracy


  It is necessary to use accurate terminologies in academic writing. You will be using a lot of technical language, so make sure you are not using the improper words and phrases.
• Objectivity


  Being objective means that you are concerned with facts rather than personal feelings or biases. Being fair in your work is a part of being objective. Avoid making value judgments. Clear and evidence-based information should be the focus of your presentation. Your position should be based on a thorough examination of the evidence. Avoid using "I", "me", "myself" and "you".
• Precision


  In academic writing, you need to be specific especially in dealing with facts, figures, and dates. Inappropriate word combinations, such as "someone said" or "a lot of people," are not acceptable academic writing expressions. Specific data like 75 thousand, 90%, 2,015 miles, September 11, 2013 are more appropriate.

  
• Different types of academic writing


  • abstract
  • academic journal article
  • book report
  • dissertation
  • essay
  • research paper/summaries
  • textbook
  • thesis