Ethico Legal Considerations

• In vitro fertilization

  The physician retrieves one or more eggs by laparoscopy or by passing a needle through the vaginal wall. 

  • The partner’s sperm is then mixed with the eggs in a petri dish, and fertilization may take place
• Medication used for ovulation: Clomid, Serophene and Pergonal
• Medication

  can be used to stimulate ovulation and increase a woman’s chances of conceiving. 

  • These drugs can also increase the likelihood that the woman will have multiple births, which is potentially risky for both the woman and the fetuses.
• Intracytoplasmic sperm insertion

  • a technique in which a single sperm is injected into the egg. 
  • It can be combined with IVF technology to help men with low sperm counts
  • If fertilization occurs, the embryo is allowed to develop outside the womb for a few days and is then implanted in the lining of the woman’s uterus
• Alternative Birth Methods

  • Waterbirrh
  • Hypnosis (Hypnobirthing)
  • Acupuncture or Acupressure
• Waterbirth Ethical Issues:

  • Autonomy
  • Beneficence and Justice
  • Maleficence/Non Maleficence
• Fear of aspiration

  • a strong deterrent to water birth for some providers and a grave concern for pediatricians and parents alike. 
  • When a baby is born, everyone awaits that first cry, which signals that the newborn has emerged safely from the womb. 
  • The delay of that response is very stressful for most people. 
• Hypnobirthing ethical issues:

  • Autonomy
  • Beneficence
  • Maleficence/Nonmaleficence
• Acupuncture

  • Autonomy
  • Beneficence
  • Maleficence/Non maleficence
  • Benefit and Justice
• RA 9262

  VAWC
• Violence against women and children

  • refers to any act or a series of acts committed by any person against a woman who is his wife, former wife
  • against a woman with whom the person has or had a sexual or dating relationship, with whom he has a common child, or against her child whether legitimate or illegitimate, within or without the family abode, which result in or is likely to result in physical, sexual, psychological harm or suffering, or economic abuse including threats of such acts, battery, assault, coercion, harassment or arbitrary depriva
• RA 7877

  Anti Sexual Harrasment act of 1995
• RA 7877 Anti Sexual Harrasment Act of 1995

  Mandates primary protection under the law of the dignity of employees/applicants, and students declaring sexual harassment as an unlawful act in the workplace and educational and training institutions. 

  Under this law, victims can file a sexual harassment complaint. 

  Penalties include less than a month to more than half a year’s imprisonment and a fine of Php10,000 to Php 20,000.
• RA 8353


  Anti Rape Law of 1997
• Penalty for rape: reclusion perpetua and death penalty

  f
• It defined rape as a public crime rather than its original legal provision from the Revised Penal Code as a private crime or a “Crime Against Chastity”
• Federal jury in California awared Chopourian - 168 million dollars
• The complaints included an allegation that one surgeon would greet her each morning by saying, "I'm horny," and then slap her bottom, the Los Angeles Times reported. After attorneys on both sides submitted legal arguments about the award, the judge in the case decreased the total to $82,230,484. But the judge later vacated the award because attorneys reached a negotiated settlement, court records show.
• Ashley Alford vs Aaron’s Rents

  • Richard Moore - manager attacked her and yanked up her shirt and masturbated
• The murders of Eileen Sarmenta and Allan Gomez occurred on June 28, 1993 in Calauan, Laguna, Philippines. 
• The case involved police personnel and Antonio Sanchez, the former mayor of Calauan, who were tried and convicted of the crime
• Ethical Issues in IVF for analysis:

  • ISSUE 1: THE POSSIBLE WRONG DONE TO THE PRE-EMBRYO
  • ISSUE 2: THE POSSIBLE WRONG DONE TO THE INFERTILE COUPLE OR THE EXPECTED OFFSPRING BY THE PHYSICIAN IN USING IVF
  • ISSUE 3: THE POSSIBLE WRONG DONE TO THE OFFSPRING BY THE INFERTILE COUPLE WHO USES IVF
  • ISSUE 4: THE POSSIBLE WRONG DONE TO THE COMMUNITY BY THE USE OF IVF ON THE PARTS OF THE PHYSICIAN AND THE INFERTILE COUPLE