longquiz

• CLUSTERED ORGANIZATION


  This organization relies on physical proximity to relate its spaces to one another. It often consists of repetitive, cellular spaces that have similar functions and share a common visual trait such as shape or orientation.
• CENTRALIZED ORGANIZATION


  This type of organization is a stable, concentrated composition that consists of several secondary spaces grouped around a large, dominant, central space.
• THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE


  It sets the basic understanding of design before architects design a building into reality.
• ADJACENT SPACES


  The most common type of spatial relationship. It allows each space to be clearly defined and to respond, each in its own way, to specific functional or symbolic requirements.
• GRID ORGANIZATION


  This organization consists of forms and spaces whose positions in space and relationships with one another are regulated by a three-dimensional grid pattern or field.
• SPACE


  The three-dimensional field in which objects and events occur and have relative position and direction, especially a portion of that fieldset apart in each instance or for a particular purpose.
• RADIAL ORGANIZATION


  This organization of space combines elements of both centralized and linear organizations. It consists of a dominant central space from which several linear organizations extend in a radial manner.
• INTERLOCKING SPACES


  Spatial relationship results from the overlapping of two spatial fields and the emergence of a zone of shared space.
• LINEAR ORGANIZATION


  This organization consists essentially of a series of spaces. These spaces can either be directly related to one another or be linked through a separate and distinct linear space.
• SPACES LINKED BY A COMMON SPACE


  Two spaces that are separated by distance can be linked or related to each other by a third, intermediate, space.
• SPACE WITHIN A SPACE


  In this type of spatial relationship, the larger, enveloping space serves as a three-dimensional field for the smaller space contained within it.
• Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola


  He wrote "Regola delle cinque ordini", He based his design instructions on four things:

  a. the idea of Pythagoras that the proportions of small integers meant harmony

  b. the proportions and other instructions provided by Vitruve

  c. the example set by earlier buildings and

  d. general good taste, whatever that meant when interpreted by each writer
• Regola delle cinque Ordini


  written by Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola. also known as the The Five Orders of Architecture. which tackles the concise, facts, and easily applicable rules of the five-column systems.
• Andrea Palladio


  The Father of modern picture books of architecture also wrote the "I Quattro libri dell'architectura" also known as "The Four Books of Architecture.
• Renaissance architecture


  The style of architecture, reflecting the rebirth of Classical culture, originated in Florence in the early 15thcentury and spread throughout Europe, replacing the medieval Gothic style.
• Firmitas


  The physical strength secured the building's structural integrity.
• Venustas


  The aesthetic quality associated with the goddess Venus, imparted style, proportion, and visual beauty.
• Le Corbusier


  He presented a short-written foundation to his system of proportions (based on the golden section) in the book Modulor (1951). Its fundamental perceptive psychology base was presented already 1923 in the book Vers une architecture:
• FIRMITAS, UTILITAS, VENUSTAS


  The Three Vitruvian theories.
• Owen Jones


  Another important writer inspired young architects to create new formal styles. He studied the methods of exploiting an eternal source of architectural forms: nature and especially the forms of plants. The result of his studies became the first design instruction on the use of ornaments originating in nature: Grammar of Ornament (1856).
• Art Nouveau


  The ornamental style of art flourished between about 1890 and 1910 throughout Europe and the United States.

  It is characterized by its use of a long, sinuous, organic line and was employed most often in architecture, interior design, jewelry and glass design, posters, and illustrations.

  It was a deliberate attempt to create a new style, free of imitative historicism that dominated much of 19th-century art and design.
• Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris


  The full name of Le Corbusier.
• UTILITAS


  The notion that a building is defective unless the spaces provided are adequate and appropriate for their intended usage would seem obvious
• Thematic Theories of Architecture


  Treatises that aim at the fulfillment of one principal goal, usually at the cost of other customary goals of the building.
• Ten Books on Architecture

  Also known as "De architectura libri decem", it consists mostly of a normative theory of design (based on practice). A collection of thematic theories of design with no method of combining them into a synthesis.
• Pilotis, Free Plan, Free Facade, Horizontal Windows, and Roof Garden


  What are the Five Points of Architecture by Le Corbusier?
• Marcus Vitruvius Pollio


  The author of the oldest research on architecture wrote an extensive summary of all the theories on construction and had a thorough knowledge of earlier Greek and Roman writings.
• Sebastiano Serlio

  He wrote the "Regole generall di architectura",
• Leon Bautista Alberti


  The person in charge of construction was commanded by the Pope and wrote Della Pittura (On Painting) which includes Brunelleschi's theories of perspective and De Re Aedificatoria (On Building), the first architectural treatise of the Renaissance.
• Eugene Viollet-le-Duc


  The first theorist set out to create a totally new system of architectural forms independent of antiquity.. His work was one of the foundations of modern architecture
• Philibert de L'orme


  One of the French theorists who were critical of Italians proved that Pantheon's Corinthian columns had 3 different proportions. He also rejected the doctrine of the absolute beauty of measures
• Robert Hooke, Jakob Bernoulli, Leonhard Euler


  The central figures in developing the mathematical construction theory.
• Entretiens sur l'architecture


  (Discourses on Architecture) Eugene-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc. 1863-1872. Stressed the importance of rationality in design.

  
  

  "what we call taste is but an involuntary process of reasoning whose steps elude our observation"."Authority has no value if its grounds are not explained ".
• Della Pittura (On Painting)


  which includes Brunelleschi's theories of perspective
• De Re Aedificatoria (On Building)


  , the first architectural treatise of the Renaissance.
• "Regole generall di architectura"


  the first book to be published in 1537, the General Rules of Architecture was conceived as the fourth part within the series. In this book, it describes the five different architectural orders in which to build (Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite) and explains which types of materials and ornaments can be used within each order.
• Grammar of Ornament


  One of the its37 rules (no 13) states that "flowers or other natural objects should not be used as ornaments", instead acceptable are "conventional representations founded upon them sufficiently suggestive to convey the intended image to the mind, without destroying the unity of the object they are employed to decorate."
• Vers une architecture:


  "Architecture is a brilliant, orthodox, and an original jigsaw puzzle of masses combined in light. Our eyes were created to see the forms in light; light and shadow reveal the forms. Cubes, cones, balls, cylinders, and pyramids are primary shapes that light so excellently reveals; the picture they give to us is clear and perspicuous without indecision. That is why they are beautiful forms."
• The World's Columbian Exposition of 1893


  It was the first world fair held in Chicago. Carving out some 600 acres of Frederick Law Olmsted's Jackson Park, the exposition was a major milestone. The site of the exposition itself gained the nickname the "White City" due to the appearance of its massive white buildings. The White City showcased chief architect Daniel Burnham's ideas for a "City Beautiful" movement.
• Crystal Palace


  Designed by Sir Joseph Paxton was a remarkable construction of prefabricated parts. It consisted of an intricate network of slender iron rods sustaining walls of clear glass. The main body of the building was 1,848 feet (563 meters) long and 408 feet (124 meters) wide; the height of the central transept was 108 feet (33 meters). The construction occupied some 18 acres (7 hectares) on the ground, while its total floor area was about 990,000 square feet (92,000 square meters, or about 23 acres (9 hectares).On the ground floor and galleries, there were more than 8 miles (13 km) of display tables.