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Biol-119-Unit 4
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Cards (183)
Population
All individuals of same species that live and
reproduces
in same place
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Population
Adapt
due to
natural selection
Abiotic
(Nonliving factors)
Biotic
(Living factors)
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Population Size
Number of individuals of population
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Population Range
Total area where population
lives
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Population Density
How crowded or dispersed;
size divided
by
range
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Population
Distribution
Random
(equal chance of being anywhere, no influence on each other's locations)
Clustered
(clump together, patchy resources, survival depends on each other)
Uniform
(evenly spread apart, limited resources, too many will attract predators)
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Mark and Recapture Method
1.
Capture
2.
Mark
3.
Release
4.
Recapture
5.
Count
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Mark
and Recapture Method
n=size=marked 1st * 2nd capture/marked in 2nd)
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Lots
of
assumptions
in Mark and Recapture Method
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Populations
are based on organisms being the same species in the same location at the same time
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Per capita growth
rate
Rate
of
population growth
per individual
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Up 40 is bigger deal for population of
20
compared to
500
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Average offspring per individual
Dynamic
value
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Constant r
Rapid growth
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Continuous
Growth
Organisms born and develop at their own pace and then immediately can
reproduce
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Exponential
Growth
More individuals, more possible reproductions, small population with
abundant
resources
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Intrinsic
Rate of
Increase
Per capita grown at an instant
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Discrete Growth
Number of germinating seeds from one gen determines
# organisms in next
, one discrete step changing size, seasonally or annual breeding
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Competition isn't good for either
intraspecific
(within species) or
interspecific
(between species)
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Carrying Capacity
, K
Maximum population size
the location can manage, once reached, growth rate
decreases
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Density Dependent Factors
Birth
and
Death
Rates,
Competition
,
Predation
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Density
Independent Factors
Weather
,
Instantaneous
change
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Logistic Growth
Small population rapidly grows toward r-max, closer to
K growth
slows, exponential turns
logistic
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Niche
Combination of
physical
habitat and
role
/affect in habitat
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Fundamental
Niche
Every location that has the conditions so the species could live there, limited by competition and
predation
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Realized
Niche
Where they
actually
stay, shown by
invasive
species
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Phylogenic Niche Conservation
Tendency to keep aspects of ancestral niches
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Competition
Use of mutually needed resource lowers availability to users,
lose access to
resource,
lose energy
fighting for it
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Competitive Exclusion
2 species can't share exact same niche,
move
one's territory,
extinction
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Resource Partitioning
Divide resources
between different species to minimize competition, reflects
evolutionary diversification
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Antagonistic
Interactions
Predation
(predator eats prey)
Parasitism
(eats host tissues)
Herbivory
(eat plant parts)
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Mutualism
Benefits
trump costs for both participants, measured by natural selection in reproductive output, still always in
self interest
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Mutualism
Nitrogen fixing bacteria live in
soybean
roots
Aphid insects give
home
for bacteria, bacteria provide
essential
amino acids
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Symbiosis
Close interactions
evolved over a long time
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Mutualism
Types
Obligate
Mutualism (need each other to survive)
Facultative
Mutualism (can survive without each other)
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Commensalism
One
benefits
,
no
effect on other participant
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Amensalism
One is
harmed
,
no
affect on other
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Facilitation
One species
creates an environment
that helps another
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Community
All populations of multiple
species
in same place at same time, characterized by plants and
animals
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Biodiversity
Number of species, genetic sequences, cell types, metabolisms, communities
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See all 183 cards
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