ethics 1

• Pleasure - a feeling of happy satisfaction and enjoyment.

  Theses - a statement or theory that is put forward as a

  premise to be maintained or proved.

  Utility - a principle where the right action is one that

  promotes happiness and peace.
• 1. Consequentialism:

  The rightness of actions is determined solely by their

  consequences.

  2. Hedonism:

  Utility is the degree to which an act produces

  pleasure. Hedonism is the thesis that pleasure or happiness

  is the good that we seek and that we should seek.
• 3. Maximalism:

  A right action produces the greatest good

  consequences and the least bad.

  4. Universalism:

  The consequences to be considered are

  those of everyone affected, and everyone equally.
• 1. Intensity - How strong is the pleasure?

  2. Duration - How long does the pleasure last?

  3. Certainty - How likely or unlikely that the pleasure will occur?
• 4. Proximity - How soon does the pleasure occur?

  5. Fecundity - How many times will pleasure be repeated?

  6. Purity - What is the probability that it is not followed by

  sensations of the opposite kind?

  7. Extent- How many people are affected?
• For Mill intellectual pleasures are

  intrinsically more valuable than

  physical pleasures.
• 1. Rule Utilitarianism :

  Evaluates actions based on whether they

  conform to a set of rules or principles that,

  if universally followed, would lead to the

  greatest overall happiness or utility.

  (emphasizes adherence to rules or principles that are

  expected to maximize utility in the long run.)
• 2. Act Utilitarianism :

  An action is morally right if it

  produces the greatest amount of

  happiness or pleasure for the

  greatest number of people

  affected by the action.

  (focuses on the consequences of

  individual actions)