THREATS TO HENRY VII

• What was the Lovell Rebellion?

  - Wanted to restore House of York (dynastic cause)

  - Led by Francis Lovell who was a former Lord Chamberlain to Richard III and the Staffords

  - Lovell went to York to raise troops and the Staffords in Worcestershire
• When was the Lovell rebellion?

  - 1486
• Why did the Lovell Rebellion fail?

  - Henry VII used spies to follow Lovell and the Stafford brothers

  - Lack of credible alternative for king

  - Lovell and Staffords were only minor nobles

  - No overseas support
• How was the Lovell rebellion dealt with?

  - Jasper Tudor was sent to Yorkshire to offer pardons to everyone involved apart from Lovell

  - this effectively dispersed the rebels and Lovell fled Burgundy, later involving himself with the Lambert Simnel plot

  - The Staffords sought sanctuary at Culham Abby but were caught and tried for treason before the Court of the King's Bench

  - The Act of Sanctuary was now ignored for cases involving treason
• When was the Sinmel rebellion?

  - 1486 to 1487
• What was the Simnel Rebellion?


  - Lambert Simnel, who was fought to resemble Edward IV was chosen to impersonate the Earl of Warwick.

  - He was crowned king in Dublin

  - In June 1487, Simnel landed in Lancashire with 2000 German Mercenaries provied by Margaret of Burgundy and John de la Pole
• How was the Simnel revolt dealt with?

  - Despite Henry parading the Real Earl of Warrick who had Henry had taken in out of fear of something like this happening, the conspiracy still gained traction

  - The two sides met at the Battle of Stoke in Nottinghamshire

  - 8000 vs 15000

  - Earl of Lincoln was executed but Simnel was pardoned by Henry as an act of clemency. He recognised was he a puppet for the Yorkists
• When was the Yorkshire rebellion?

  - 1489
• What was the Yorkshire rebellion?

  - A tax revolt against a subsidy voted in by parliament in 1487 for the defense of Bretton independence

  - The Great Tax

  - The movement was popular in origin but remained plebeian in character
• How was the Yorkshire Rebellion dealt with?

  Initially sent the Earl of Northumberland to force the tax collection, but he was murdered

  - The Earl of Surrey was sent with forces to disperse the rebellion

  - Demonstrated an erosion of Law and Order

  - Evolved Henry's approach to rebellions from delegating and negotiation to a military response
• When was the Cornish rebellion?

  - May 1497
• What caused the Cornish rebellion?

  - Epitomises Cornwall's sense of identity and autonomy as Quasi independent

  - Caused by Henry demanding taxation for war in Scotland against Perkin Warbeck

  - Cornwall saw this as unjustified as it was 500 miles away and therefore not a threat

  - Henry repealed the Stannary Law in 1496 which traditionally gave Cornwall Special privileges to reflect how important tin mining was there

  - This undermined Cornish autonomy
• What happened at the Cornish rebellion?

  - 15000 rebels marched to London led by Flanmark

  - Defeated at the battle of Blackheath

  - 25000 royal troops

  - Henry restored the Stannary privileges
• When was the Perkin Warbeck rebellion?

  - 1491 to 1499
• Perkin Warbeck Rebellion timeline?

  - Claimed to be Duke of York

  - Warbeck traveled to France gaining the support of Charles VIII

  -Treaty of Etaples 1492 between England and France meant that Warbeck had to move to Flanders where he had support from Margaret

  - Margaret of Burgundy claims Warbeck as her Nephew. As a result, Henry imposes a trade embargo

  - In 1493 Warbeck gains support from the HRE. Henry imposes economic sanctions

  - In 1495, James IV of Scotland provided Perkin with a 1200 pension and marriage to Lady Catherine Gordon

  - The invasion of England supported by James was entirely unsuccessful

  - In 1497, the Truce of Ayton was agreed

  - Warbeck was forced to Cornwall where he capitalises on the unrest. He sought sanctuary in Beaulieu Abbey where he was captured and imprisoned in the tower of London

  - Perkin Warbeck was executed in 1499
• Why was Perkin Warbeck significant?

  - Had foreign support from Burgundy, Scotland, the Holy Roman Empire and France

  - The longevity of the threat

  - Forced Henry to cut off trade with the Flanders, give up Brittany through the Treaty of Etaples, and enforce Acts of Attainder

  - Demonstrated how he prioritised dynastic security over trade and French territory.