ELIZABETH AND RELIGION

• What was the Act of Supremacy?


  -Passed in 1559

  -Foundation of religious settlement

  -Abolished Papal Supremacy

  -Elizabeth gave herself the same "Governor" as "head of the -Church" had male connotations and she did not want to cause further discontent about her being a ruling women

  -Clergy had to take an oath of loyalty

  (had 800 Priests in Strasbourg waiting to come back so could afford this)

  -8000 out of 10000 accepted the reform
• What was the Act of Uniformity


  -Passed in 1559

  -Elizabeth inherited a divided nation

  -Authorised way of worship

  -included a prayer book which was a combination of the last two to get the most successful outcome

  -Church services were still deliberately vague

  -Both these bills were passed 21-18 votes, illustrating a lack of internal support
• The printing press?


  Passed an Act of royal authority on the printing press to limit the spread of Catholic literature and have agency over anything produced.
• How did Elizabeth pass laws?


  She used royal prerogative and went through parliament.

  -advised not to do this as it would undermine her authority if the bill was not passed

  -but if it was and failed/created more problems, parliament was to blame not her
• "I will not make windows into men's soul"

  -Manifestation of her compromise

  -People only had to outwardly conform

  -As a result there was few religious persecutions
• Elizabeth's Archbishop of Canterbury?


  -Elizabeth chose her own Archbishop, Matthew Parker

  -She chose him as he had been Chaplin to Ann Boleyn and lacked religious loyalty.

  -Had a distinctly Anglican position between extreme Protestantism and Roman Catholicism
• What were the Royal injunctions?


  -Passed in 1559

  -A set of instructions to the clergy on how to run church services

  -English bibles were now Mandatory
• What was the Erastian nature of the church?


  -Claimed the state had total control over the church, placing Elizabeth above the power of the church
• What were the 39 Articles?


  -Passed in 1563

  -Established the faith and practice of the Church of England

  -the articles explain the doctrinal position of the Church of England in relation to Catholicism, Calvinism, and Anabaptism.

  -Further established a move to Protestantism
• What was "An apology of the church of England"?

  -Published in 1562

  -Written by the Bishop of Salisbury

  -Claimed the church had reverted to the origins of Rome justifying the religious settlement
• What was the Earls Revolt?

  -Happened in 1569

  -Northumberland and Westmoreland

  -In Durham and Yorkshire where catholicism was strong

  -Planned to marry the Duke of Norfolk to Mary Queen of Scots

  -Failed to capture York so besieged Barnard Castle

  -Had a catholic mass
• How was the Earl's revolt dealt with?


  -Elizabeth sent army 5 times the size which led to the rebels fleeing to Scotland

  -Lord Dacre tried to resist but was defeated by Lord Hudson

  -Council of the North was re-established

  -Treason charges
• What did the Earl's revolt demonstrate?

  -Resentment towards a religious settlement was limited as revolt failed to gain significant momentum

  -Strong internal support in Government as Cecil helped plan the Crown's resistance

  -The revolt had mixed motives. Northumberland and Westmoreland felt they lacked representation in court since Mary had expanded it to 50 men and Elizabeth removed strong Catholics in 1563

  -Underlying political rebellion, not entirely religious
• What were Evangelicals?


  -People who would preach and bellow the gospel

  -They threatened "I will not make windows into men's souls"
• What was the Vesterian Controversy?


  -a Puritan threat beginning in 1566

  -Walter Strickland led a purtian group in parliament and wanted to ban clergy vestments

  -Undermined them by shutting down parliament

  -Thomas Sampson was part of this resistance

  -A higher level of threat as he had access to a printing press, so Elizabeth dismissed him from Christ Church College
• What was the John Fields Pamphlet?

  -Published 1572

  -demanded Elizabeth reinstate the purity of New Testament worship in the church of England and militate any Roman Catholicism

  -Reflected wide Presbyterian influence among Puritans
• What were the Lambeth Articles?

  -Passed in 1595

  -Reaffirmed the 39 articles and clarified church teachings

  -leaned towards a Calvinist view

  -Drafted and approved by Whitgift but without Elizabeth's permission as a result not fully put into practise
• Where are the Catholics?

  -Catholics until the 1570 Papal Bull were a low-threat issue

  -12p fine for not going to church or attending Holy Days was rarely enforced

  -Catholic Priests were in hiding, often being private chaplains for noble families

  -Iconoclasm was not majorly occurring, only small changes like the communion table
• What was the Papal Bull (Regnas in Excelsis)

  -Happened in 1570

  -Excommunicated from the pope

  -This cuts off trade with Spain, infuriating Phillip

  -Puts Catholics in a moral dilemma as they are told by their religion if they don't kill Elizabeth and reinstate a Catholic leader they will go to hell. However, if they killed Elizabeth, this would be treason

  -led to harsher policies on the remaining Catholics to protect Elizabeth's authority
• What was the immediate response to the Papal Bull?


  -In 1571 owning a copy of the Papal Bull became punishable by treason
• What was the Act in 1581?

  -THE ACT TO RETAIN THE QUEEN'S MAJESTY'S SUBJECTS IN THEIR OBEDIENCE

  -Supporting the queen was not a choice anymore

  Catholic masses were now punishable

  -Absenteeism fines increased from 12p to 20 pounds

  -4 priests executed in 1581 and 11 in 1582 (more than in the last 20 years)
• What was the Act in 1585?

  -ACT AGAINST JESUITS AND SEMINARY PRIESTS

  -Jesuits were priest-trained and sent to England to spread the Catholic faith

  -They openly preached about killing Elizabeth and were not scared of execution as they accepted dying for their religion.

  -Priests ordained by the Pope were accused of Treason

  -123 priests from 1586 onward were executed
• What did John Bossy refer to being a Catholic as?


  Survivalism
• What did Elizabeth enforce in 1577?

  The death penalty for preforming Catholic Mass
• Where is Mary Queen of Scots?

  -put under house arrest in 1568

  -Executed in 1578 after being found to be involved in plots against Elizabeth (triggering the Armada in 1588)
• How did the Armada influence religion?

  -William Allen, who trained Jesuit Priests and encouraged an Elizabethan ex-communication thought the Armada would encourage internal uprisings in support of the Catholic Spanish, but it did not