ppt infection control

• Infection


  When a microorganism invades the body, multiplies and causes injury or disease
• Pathogen


  A disease-causing microorganism which can be classified as bacteria, fungi, protozoa or virus
• Types of infections


  • Communicable infection
  • Nosocomial and healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)
• Chain of Infection


  Break the Chain of Infection
• Infection Control Measures


  • Effective hand hygiene procedure
  • Good nutrition
  • Immunization against common pathogens
  • Insect and pest control
  • Isolation and decontamination procedures
  • Use of proper safety devices
  • Use of PPE when needed
  • Proper disposal of sharps
• Four Functions of Infection Control Program


  • Protect patients, employees, and visitors from infection
  • Screen employees for infectious diseases and require immunization when needed
  • Provide evaluation and treatment to health workers who were exposed to infections while performing their duty
  • Monitor employees and patients who are at risk of infection and collect data from patients and health worker who were exposed to such

  
• Proper Procedures for Hand Hygiene


  1. Stand a few inches from the sink to avoid contamination

  2. Turn on the faucet and place hands under the running water

  3. Use soap and work up lather to ensure that surfaces are reached

  4. Scrubbing for at least 15 seconds is necessary

  5. Apply a little friction and rub hands together for at least 15 seconds

  6. Rinse the hands from the wrist to fingertips using a downward motion

  7. Dry hands using a clean paper towel

  8. Use the paper towel to close the faucet except when it is foot or motion activated

  
• Types of hand hygiene


  • Hand washing which uses plain soap and water
  • Hand antisepsis which uses antimicrobial soap to remove transient microorganisms

  
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)


  Equipment worn to prevent exposure to hazards

  
• Donning of PPE


  1. Perform hand hygiene prior to donning of PPE

  2. Gown should be put on first and fastened

  3. Mask should cover both the nose and mouth

  4. Gloves should be pulled over the gown cuff
• Doffing of PPE


  1. Gloves are removed first without touching contaminated areas

  2. Gown should be pulled from the shoulders towards the hand so it is turned inside out

  3. Mask should be removed by only touching the string

  4. Wash hands immediately after removal of the PPE
• Gloves


  Worn to prevent contamination of the hands and reduce chances of transmission of microorganism from personnel to patients
• Steps in doffing gloves


  1. The wrist of one hand is grasped by the opposite hand

  2. The glove is pulled inside out and off the hand

  3. Place the recently removed glove in the gloved hand

  4. The fingers of the non-gloved hand are slipped under the wrist of the remaining glove

  5. The second glove is pulled inside out

  6. Drop the gloves in the proper receptacle
• Nursery and Neonatal ICU Infection Control Technique


  1. Do the proper hand washing procedure before putting on the PPE

  2. The phlebotomist should only bring items necessary for the specimen collection

  3. Blood collection tray should be left outside the nursery, preferably the anteroom

  4. Remove gloves, wash hands, and use a new pair of gloves between patients
• Blood-Borne Pathogens (BBP)


  Microorganisms in the human blood which are infectious and can cause diseases like hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
• Exposure Control Plan


  1. When a contaminated needle or sharp object pierces the skin

  2. When body fluid or blood splashes in the eyes, nose or mouth

  3. When a cut, scratch or abrasion has made contact with blood or body fluid

  4. When there is a human bite that cuts the skin
• Procedure after BBP exposure


  1. Carefully remove the shards or foreign object

  2. Wash the site thoroughly with soap and water for at least 30 seconds

  3. Flush with water or saline for at least 10 minutes

  4. For the eyes, use eyewash station for flushing

  5. Report the incident to the immediate supervisor and the provider
• Biohazard


  Any material that could be harmful to one's health
• Biohazard Exposure Routes


  • Airborne
  • Ingestion
  • Non-intact skin
  • Electric Shock
  • Fire
  • Radiation
  • Shock
  • Chemical
• First Aid for Shock

  1. Keep the airway open

  2. Call for medical assistance

  3. Keep the patient lying down

  4. Control any bleeding or other cause of shock

  5. Keep the patient warm
• Steps in performing CPR


  1. Place your hands in the middle of the patient's chest

  2. Lean forward and press down on the chest for about two inches

  3. Tilt the patient's head and lift his chin to open the airway

  4. Pinch the nostrils and support the chin with the other hand

  5. Take a normal breath, place your mouth over the patient's, and blow until you see the chest rise

  6. Remove your mouth and watch the chest fall

  7. Replicate the cycle of 30 chest compressions, to be followed by two rescue breaths
• Chemicals should never be stored above eye level, added to water, mixed indiscriminately, stored in unlabeled containers, or poured into used or dirty containers
• First aid when exposed to chemicals


  1. Immediately flush the contaminated area with water

  2. Use the eye station or the shower station

  3. If the chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water

  4. Seek medical attention promptly
• Personal Wellness


  Includes personal hygiene, proper nutrition, enough sleep, regular exercise, proper posture, and work-life balance