fallcies

• Hasty Generalization


  The sample is not significant enough to support generalizations about a population
• Hasty Generalization


  • Martha, the foreigner from France is very impolite, french people are very rude
• Argumentum ad Ignoratiam


  Concluded to be true just because it is not proven to be false and vice versa; remain true until proven wrong
• Argumentum ad Ignoratiam


  • The writer does not talk about the connection between the killers and the victim's sister so there must be none
• Slippery slope


  A series of increasingly superficial and unacceptable consequences is drawn; consequence by consequence
• Slippery slope


  • If we ban computer shops, then students will not be able to do research. And if they do not have to do research, these students will fail their subject
• Circular reasoning


  Reasoning just back to itself; reasoning is back itself, the conversation goes back to the subject
• Circular reasoning


  • Game of Thrones is the best show because the best show is Game of Thrones
• Argumentum ad populum


  Based on popular belief or because it has been stated by an elite of the society
• Argumentum ad populum


  • If my president said that it is okay to kill people just because I thought they were doing something bad, then it's fine with me
• Fallacy of composition


  Claims that a whole is true because a part of it is true
• Fallacy of composition


  • Your brain is made up of molecules. Molecules do not have consciousness. Therefore, the brain doesn't have consciousness
• Argumentum ad Baculum


  Appeals to human emotions specifically by fear, by the use of threat and force
• Argumentum ad Baculum


  • Eliza, I'm telling you that you should say your vowels correctly before the end of the day or there will be no lunch, no dinner, and no chocolates
• Argumentum ad Hominem


  The person is attacked rather than the validity of the arguments a.k.a personal attack
• Argumentum ad Hominem


  • What you're saying is not true. You're too stupid to know the difference
• False dilemma


  Occurs when an arguer presents his/her argument as one of only two options despite the presence of multiple possibilities
• False dilemma


  • Either you fully devote yourself to the company or you quit
• Complex question


  Two or more points are rolled into one and the reader is expected to either accept or reject both at the same time, when one point may be satisfactory while the other is not; accepting or rejecting the question
• Complex question


  • Are you done copying your classmates' answers
• Appeal to force


  Occurs when threat is used instead of arguing
• Appeal to force


  • If you do not admit that evolution is not real, we're going to remove you from our group
• Appeal to consequences


  When unpleasant consequences of believing something are pointed out to show that the belief is false; consequences are based on the belief
• Appeal to consequences


  • You can't believe that colonialism is bad, because if it were, then we would not be civilized
• Bandwagon


  Occurs when an argument is considered to be valid because it is what the majority thinks and appeals to common belief
• Bandwagon


  • Most Filipinas want to have fair skin
• Anonymous authority


  The authority in question is not mentioned or named, the arguer attributes it to an unnamed individual
• Anonymous authority


  • Experts claim that eating peanuts causes pimples
• False analogy


  When a writer assumes that two concepts that are similar in other ways. Can be offensive; comparing two concepts with diff characteristics in some way
• False analogy


  • Drugs are like massages, they make you feel good
• Accident


  General rule is applied to a situation, even when it should be an exception
• Accident


  • Jaywalking is not allowed, so you should not have done that even when you were being chased by terrorists
• Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc


  Occurs when the arguer claims that since event A happened before event B, A is the cause of B
• Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc


  • Dina saw a black cat when they went home. Along the way, they crashed into a tree. The black cat must be the reason why
• Wrong direction


  Occurs when the direction/ the cause and effect are reversed
• Wrong direction


  • Liver damage leads to alcoholism
• Complex cause


  Occurs when the explanation for an event is reduced to one thing when other factors also contribute to the event
• Complex cause


  • We were not able to solve the problem because of limited time, even if all the other groups were able to do so
• Irrelevant conclusion


  An argument that is supposed to prove something else instead
• Irrelevant conclusion


  • We must support the fight for gender equality between men and women. Women have suffered enough violence at home. Violence against women must be stopped