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• Critical thinking


  • Series of complex thought processes
  • Make reasoned judgements
  • Assess the way we think & solve problems
• Levels of Thinking (Bloom's Taxonomy)


  • Remembering
  • Understanding
  • Applying
  • Analyzing
  • Evaluating
  • Creating
• Remembering


  Most basic skills; recall specific facts
• Understanding


  • Verifying of what they have read
  • Comprehension & analyzation exist
• Applying


  • Use info in a new situation
  • Experimentation
• Analyzing


  • Breaking down into pieces
  • Take apart the known & identify relationship
• Evaluating


  • Making judgement
  • Evaluation/reaction
  • Taking a stand
• Creating


  Use existing info to make something new
• Qualities of a critical thinker


  • Inquisitive
  • Investigative
  • Open-minded
  • Evaluates info
• Inquisitive


  Eagerness & intellectually curious
• Investigative


  Independent solver & task oriented; link to learn & observe
• Open-minded


  Ready for criticism; accept positive/negative feedback
• Evaluates info


  Determine to examine the quality of info
• Hasty Generalization


  Claiming things are universal according to limited evidence
• Hasty Generalization


  • Sam has been betrayed and is heartbroken. Every boy is the same.
• Argumentum ad Ignorantiam (Appeal to Ignorance)


  Simply because a claim has been disproven, someone can argue that it is true, and vice versa
• Argumentum ad Ignorantiam (Appeal to Ignorance)


  • Ghosts and the spirit world have to be real since scientists are unable to disprove their existence.
• Slippery Slope


  An event that began an undesirable loop, but there's no explanation for why the cycle might actually lead
• Slippery Slope


  • If you fail your quizzes, you won't be able to graduate. If you don't go to college, you won't get a desirable-paying job. And you will be homeless, which will be a disappointment.
• Circular Reasoning


  The idea remains the same before the end of the claim of reasoning
• Circular Reasoning


  • God exists because the Bible says God exists.
• Argumentum ad Populum (Appeal to the people)


  Draw support for a conclusion by appealing to the emotions of the group or crowd
• Argumentum ad Populum (Appeal to the people)


  • According to the fans, the members of this group have amazing vocals.
• Fallacy of composition


  Believes something is true just because part of the whole is true
• Fallacy of composition


  • If I am familiar with one kind of logical reasoning, I am also familiar with all of them.
• Argumentum ad Baculum (Appeal to the stick)


  Uses threats or the actual use of force to convince someone to accept an idea
• Argumentum ad Baculum (Appeal to the stick)


  • You should do my part in our assignment and not tell anyone about it, or else I'll beat you up.
• Argumentum ad Hominem


  Targets someone's character or situation in an effort to invalidate their point of view
• Argumentum ad Hominem


  • I'm not interested in what you have to say; it's useless.
• False Dilemma


  Assumes there are only two options, when more than the two options mentioned exist but have not been taken into consideration
• False Dilemma


  • As a student, either you choose your love life or your career life.
• Complex Question


  Happens when a question arises that expects a response to another problem that the other person hasn't accepted
• Complex Question


  • Who came up with the idea that there is a God?
• Appeal to Force


  Involves the threat or application of force to convince someone to agree with an idea
• Appeal to Force


  • I'll make your life miserable if you don't distance yourself from her.
• Appeal to pity


  By appealing to the audience's emotions, the arguer attempts to convince people to accept the conclusion
• Appeal to pity


  • I shouldn't be fired because I am the breadwinner of our family, who will provide for them if I get fired.
• Appeal to consequences


  Believes that a statement, a belief, or an idea must be true (or false) just because it would have an effect on the person, whether positive or negative
• Appeal to consequences


  • If you don't join this aerobic class, you'll never lose weight and get a toned body.
• Bandwagon


  Based on the principle that the view held by the majority is always valid, since everyone agrees, you should too