Unit 1 : 1491-1607, natives and columbus

• Southwest


  • Pueblo, sedentary farmers and highly organized society w/ craft shops, religious centers, etc
• Great Plains/Basin


  • Nomadic, hunter-gatherer, need lots of land
• Pacific Northwest

  • Lived by the sea and settled into fishing villages
• Northeast

  • Iroquois, lived in villages and built/lived in longhouses
• Colombian Exchange


  The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages in 1492
• Food exchanged during colombian exchange

  • America→ Europe: maize, tomatoes, potatoes, cacao, tobacco
  • Europe/Africas → America: rice, wheat, soy beans, rye, oats, lemons, oranges
• Animals exchanged during colombian exchange

  • Europe/Africas → America: horses, pigs, cattle, chicken
• Feudalism


  Social system where land is exchanged for military service and loyalty, prevalent in medieval Europe
• Capitalism


  Economic system based on private ownership of production means, profit motive, and free market competition
• Middle Passage


  The stage of the triangular trade where enslaved Africans were transported to the Americas in harsh conditions on crowded ships. extremely harsh conditions, many died before they reached the americas
• Mercantilism


  Economic policy emphasizing exports, protectionism, and accumulation of wealth through trade surpluses. exports > imports
• Encomienda


  Forced labor system in Spanish colonies where indigenous people were coerced to work for Spanish settlers in exchange for "protection" and religious instruction
• Caste system


  Spanish natives → africans, created to improve taxes in an orderly way, lower people = pay more taxes
• Fur trade


  Europeans, specifically the french, wanted access to the north american fur trade and arranged marriages w/ native women to secure trading rights with them
• Pueblo revolt (1610) - Native American uprising against Spanish colonizers to reclaim their land and culture