Exam 3

Cards (100)

  • What is the body's protective response to infection and disease?
    Immune system
  • Immune system functions (3)

    Defends and protects body from infection, removes and destroys damaged or dead cells, identifies and destroys malignant cells
  • The nurse is assisting in administering immunizations at a health care clinic. The nurse understands that an immunization will provide:
    A. Protection from all disease
    B. Innate immunity from disease
    C. Natural immunity from disease
    D. Artificial immunity from disease
    D
  • What type of immunity is a rapid response?
    Innate immunity
  • What type of immunity is a slow response?
    adaptive immunity
  • T or F: We are born with innate immunity (skin, tears, coughing, cilia, bone marrow)

    True
  • Where are WBCs made?
    Bone marrow
  • Where are B & T cells stored and produced?
    Lymph nodes
  • Where is gut bacteria contained?
    Appendix
  • Where are most blood proteins produced?
    In the liver
  • Cellular immunity comes into play when _________ is/are activated by an antigen.
    A. B cells
    B. T cells
    C. NK cells
    D. RBC
    B
  • Altered (ineffective) immunity (2)
    immune exaggeration, immune suppression
  • The 2 major types of problems that result from suppressed immune responses
    infections, cancer
  • What suppressed immune response occurs when the entire immune defense system is inadequate?
    Primary immunodeficiency
  • An adult client was stung by a bee and now exhibits redness and edema in the hand and forearm. The nurse's actions would be based on which scientific rationale?
    A. Baking soda is the best treatment for
    the edema from a bee sting.
    B. Hypersensitivity is possible; the client may need to buy an anti-sting kit.
    C. The client should not worry; people
    cannot develop an allergy to bee stings.
    D. The client need regular checkups to
    obtain immunotherapy.

    B
  • After the first injection of an
    immunotherapy program, the nurse notices a large, red wheal on the client's arm, coughing, and
    expiratory wheezing. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?
    A. Notifying the health care provider
    immediately
    B. Administering I.M. epinephrine per
    protocol
    C. Beginning oxygen by way of nasal
    cannula
    D. Starting an I.V. line for medication
    administration
    B
  • Type 1 immune response
    IgE mediated, allergic reaction
  • Type 2 immune response
    cytotoxic, blood transfusion reaction
  • Type 3 immune response

    immune complex, lupus and RA
  • Type 4 immune response

    cell mediated, TB test and contact dermatitis
  • Which of the following accurately describes normal changes of aging of the immune system?
    A. The older adult has decreased
    susceptibility to infections.
    B. Older adults have increased tear
    production.
    C. Older adults have increased production of saliva and gastric
    secretions.
    D. The thymus gland decreases in size
    and activity with age.
    D
  • What is the go to diagnostic standard for suspected immune disorders?

    Fluorescent antinuclear antibody (ANA)
  • What is the most common secondary immunodeficiency disease in the world?
    AIDS
  • T or F: Everyone who has HIV has AIDS
    False
  • What does HIV do on entry and then once inside?

    On entry it infects cells with CD4 antigen, once inside viral RNA is converted to DNA
  • Body fluids that DO NOT pose risk for HIV (5)
    Saliva, urine, tears, sweat, feces
  • ABCs of safer sex
    abstinence, be faithful, condom use
  • Common testing for confirmation of HIV (3)
    ELISA, western blot antibody testing, differentiation immunoassay
  • What HIV testing can be done at home and may show negative results if an infection is present?
    Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
  • What HIV test can be done after the ELISA screening to confirm positive results?
    Western blot antibody testing
  • What HIV test can be done to look at HIV in the blood, however is not commonly done because it is expensive?

    Nucleic acid test (NAT)
  • Stage 1 of HIV
    acute HIV infection
  • Stage 1, acute HIV infection manifestations (4)

    can be asymptomatic, patient is often unaware, heavy viral load, very contagious
  • Stage 2 of HIV
    chronic HIV infection
  • Stage 2, chronic HIV infection manifestations (4)

    viral suppression, often asymptomatic, CD4 200-499 cells/mm, clinical latency
  • Stage 3 of HIV
    AIDS
  • Stage 3, AIDS manifestations (4)
    immunocompromised, high viral load/infectious, opportunistic infections, CD4 <200 cells/mm
  • Most common respiratory manifestations with AIDS (most common cause of death in these patients)
    Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
  • T or F: antiretroviral therapy (ART) is treatment for HIV but it does not eradicate it
    True
  • ART treatment for HIV usually involves a minimum of ___ drugs
    3