CECMAT20

• Masonry - the art and craft of building and fabricating in stone, clay, brick or concrete block.
• Mortar - used for holding together masonry units. It is made from mixing cement with sand and water.
• CHB is composed of cement, sand and water.
• Cement - a powdery binding substance containing a combination of various minerals.
• Sand - known as fine aggregate. It is made from crushed rock and stone.
• Types of sand are fine and coarse.
• Bricks - blocks of clay used to build structures like walls or stairs.
• Blocks - large, precast units typically made from materials like concrete, clay or compressed earth.
• Coarse Aggregates - irregular chunks of rock or stone that are crushed or broken down to a range of sizes.
• Protruding Brickwork - further out or into the facade
• Corbelling - defines the top of a wall and adds further depth
• Hit and miss - used to allow light and air to permeate
• Metal - an element, compound or alloy that has good electrical and thermal conductivity.
• Common types of metals in construction: iron, aluminum, and steel
• Iron - a shiny greyish metal that is corrosive in damp air
• Aluminum - lightweight, malleable and ductile. It is non-magnetic, has a low density and is highly conductive.
• Steel - iron metal that's been alloyed with less than 2% carbon
• Metal frames examples include railings, guardrail, stair nosing, and metal furrings.
• Stair nosing types are no overhang, square edge, half round, and full round
• Types of steel are carbon, stainless, alloy, tool, and mild steel.
• Reinforcing bars are strong in tension while the concrete is strong in compression.
• Joseph-Louis Lambot has the patent for rebars.
• Carbon Steel Rebars - known as black rebar
• Welded Wire Fabric - manufactured by electrically welding a series of steel wire
• Standard bar diameters - 10, 12, 16, 20, 25, 28, 32, 36 mm
• Rebar grades - 230, 280 420, 520, 550
• Rebar Lengths - 6, 7.5, 9, 10.5, 12
• Different colors at each end of a bar means that it is weldable.
• The mold wherein concrete is poured is called formwork.
• Lengths of wood panels used in timber formwork ranges from 1.5 m to 4.9 m.
• Steel formwork is made up of angle iron, tee iron, and steel sheet.
• Concrete is made up of four major components: water, cement, sand, gravel
• Accelerators - admixture that speeds up the drying of concrete
• Retarders - delays the setting and hardening of cement.
• Air-entraining Admixture - regulates the quantity of air that alters the concrete's elastic characteristics
• Water-reducing Admixture - allows a new concrete to provide higher workability without increasing the water content.
• Nominal Mix - the proportions are predetermined
• Standard Mix - one part cement, two parts sand, and four parts aggregates
• Design Mix Concrete - ratio is established by a qualified civil engineer
• Column to column - girder