ion transport

• What is the formula for activity?


  ai = γ(mi/1mol kg-1)
• What is the mean activity coefficient?

  a = γ m
• what does γ depend on?


  Depends on m and the electrolyte
• What is the Debye-Hückel theory?


  Electrolytes dissociate into ions into solution
• What is the Debye-Hückel limiting law?


  logγ = -A (Z+Z-)I ^(1/2)
• What is the formula for I?


  I = 1/2 sum (Z^2 * Mi/1)
• What is salting in?


  Effect when adding salt to a solvent containing organic solute increases the solubility of that solute
• What is salting out?


  Solubility of non electrolyte in water decreases with the increase in concentration of a salt.
• What is membrane potential?

  Φ = Φ2 - Φ1
• What does transport of ions across biological membranes depend on?


  Activity gradient and membrane potential gradient
• What is the formula for activity gradient?


  G = RTln (a in /a out)
• What is the membrane potential gradient?

  G = RTLn (ain / a out) + ZF + G
• What is the Goldman equation?


  RT/F Ln Sum of Pi
• What is a reducing agent?

  substance that loses electrons
• What is an oxidising agent?


  an electron acceptor
• What is the difference between galvanic and electrolytic cells?

  Galvanic - Ecell > 0

  Electrolytic - Ecell < 0
• What is the formula for standard cell potential?

  E cell = E cathode - E anode
• What is the nernest equation?

  RT/NF lnk
• What is the biological standard conditions?

  25 degrees C , ph 7 , i bar and a = 1