Functional Groups

• Functional groups


  Group of atoms that is largely responsible for the chemical behavior of the parent molecule.
• $-O-H$

  • Class: Alcohol
  • General formula: ROH
  • Functional group: Hydroxyl Group
• RCHO


  Class: Aldehyde

  Functional Group: Carbonyl group

  
• RCOR'


  Class: Ketone

  Functional group: Carbonyl group

  
• RCOOH


  Class: Carboxylic Acid

  Functional Group: Carboxyl Group

  
• ROR'


  Class: Ether

  Functional Group: Ether group

  
• RCOOR'


  Class: Ester

  Functional group: Ester group

  
• $R-NH_2$


  Class: Amine

  General Formula: RNR'R"

  Functional group: Amino group

  A)

  B)

  C)

  
• RCONR'R"


  Class: Amide

  Functional group: Amide group

  
• Alcohol


  An organic compound that contains one or more hydroxyl groups $-OH$

  
• Aldehydes and Ketones

  Have the carbonyl group (C=O) as their functional group

  • Polar in nature

  A)

  B)

  
• Carboxylic Acids


  Have the carboxyl group -COOH

  • Polar in nature

  
• Ethers


  Contains the R-O-R' linkage where R and R' are hydrocarbon groups

  • Extremely flammable

  
• Esters


  General formula R’COOR where R’ can be H or a hydrocarbon group and R is a hydrocarbon

  • Polar
  • Saponification: Common reaction of esters (used in soap making)

  
• Amines


  Organic bases have the general formula R3N, where R may be H or a hydrocarbon

  
• Amides


  A carbonyl carbon atom is linked by a single bond to a nitrogen atom and either a hydrogen or a carbon atom (RCONR'R")