Unit 4: 1800-1848, Jeffersonian Era, Market Rev., GA, reform

Cards (37)

  • Demo-repubs
    Strict constitutionalists, wanted to restrict federal power and championed the belief that the federal gov is only able to do what is explicitly stated in the constitution
  • Federalists
    Loose constitutionalists, federal gov. had more flexibility with the written word of the constitution
  • Louisiana Purchase
    1803
  • Jefferson
    Strict constitutionalist but justified his overstepping of power by the removal of indians further westward and would cut off european influence and open up trading
  • Marbury v. Madison
    Judiciary Act was passed just before, created 16 new seats for federal judges. John Adams appointed all seats to federalists because gov was shifting from federalist to demo-repub. Court proclaimed itself to be final interpreter of the constitution
  • McCulloch v. Maryland
    SCOTUS decided that federal law trumped state law
  • Embargo Act of 1807
    All U.S. ports were closed to export shipping in either U.S. or foreign vessels, and restrictions were placed on imports from Great Britain. Punish Britain and France for interfering with American trade while the two major European powers were at war with each other.
  • War of 1812
    Causes: France and Britain were fighting but the US wanted to remain neutral. However, Britain kept seizing American merchant ships and impressing Americans. America eventually wins the war.
  • End of War of 1812 consequences
    Federalist party gone, nationalistic ideals, expiration of national bank, discovered no reliable means of infrastructure/transportation, difficult to move men and supplies
  • Henry Clay's American System

    Intent of unifying the American economy, federally funded internal improvements, implementation of protective tariffs to protect US manufacturers, establish bank of the US
  • Era of Good Feelings
    Supposed national unity under demo-repub party
  • Missouri
    Applied for statehood in 1819, assumed it would become slave state because slaves were already there. Talmadge amendment proposal to prohibit slavery in Missouri, passed in the House but not the Senate.
  • Missouri Compromise/Compromise of 1820
    Missouri enters as a slave state, Maine enters as a free state. Southern border of Missouri was to be at the 36 30 line, which would separate free and slave territory
  • Adam-Onis Treaty
    Spain sold Florida to the United States
  • Monroe Doctrine 1823
    Proclaimed American dominance in the Western Hemisphere. Established the Western Hemisphere as a U.S. sphere of influence, perpetually to be free of European influence.
  • The Market Revolution
    The linking of northern industries with western and southern farmers which was created by advances in agriculture, industry, communication, and transportation
  • Market Revolution: Technology
    • New tech pushed the revolution further. Cotton gin and spinning machine revolutionized southern agriculture and northern industry. Steel plow, mechanical reaper
  • Interchangeable parts
    Machines being used to produce, in bulk, the various parts of technology and then assemble them all together. Could hire unskilled laborers to assemble. Greater efficiency because of mass production.
  • Steamboats/Canals
    Revolutionized trade, trading vessels could travel up/down stream
  • Telegraph
    Spread of information, way faster
  • 1820-1840, influx of immigrants
    Approx 2 mil immigrants showed up in the US mainly from Germany/Ireland. Many settled on the eastern seaboard, provided pool of cheap labor. Was crowded into hastily built tenements.
  • Cult of Domesticity
    Ladies were expected to conform to developing societal norm, idea was that a woman's identity and sense of purpose revolved around childbearing and taking care of her husband. Separate spheres began to develop.
  • Panic of 1819
    First major recession in US history. Resulted from irresponsible banking practices and decreased demand for exports. Laboring men hit the hardest.
  • Election of 1824
    Led to split in the demo-repub party, no more federalists. National repub = expansive view of federal power. John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay. Eventually became whig party. Demo = restrictive view of federal power. Andrew Jackson.
  • Corrupt Bargain
    Jackson won popular vote, but no one won the majority vote. Thus, House of Rep chooses new pres. Henry Clay speaker of the House, nominates Adams, Adam wins and then chooses Clay to be sec of state.
  • Tariff of 1828
    Raised import duties <= 50%. North liked because it protected their industry but South hated because they relied on imported goods. Calhoun hated tariff, developed doctrine of nullification. SC threatened to secede.
  • Nullification
    States had power to determine the constitutionality of federal laws, if determined to be unconstitutional they could nullify/refuse to follow the law.
  • Indian Removal Act of 1830
    Cherokee refused to be resettled and said they were a sovereign nation. Eventually persuaded to sign a treaty of New Echota. Cherokee land in Georgia for reservation west of the Mississippi River.
  • Trail of Tears 1838
    Forced removal of Indians who refused to move originally during the Indian Removal Act etc.
  • Whig Party

    Stood for protective tariffs, national banking, and federal aid for internal improvements. Henry Clay + JQA.
  • Transcendentalism
    Emphasized transcendent power + beauty of nature
  • Utopian Communities

    Influenced by European intellectuals and American values of democracy
  • Second Great Awakening

    Baptists and Methodists and Presbyterians organized camp meetings in the woods that people attended. Stressed the importance of reaching perfection. Emphasized moral reform of society, set stage for temperance movement, abolitionism, women's rights.
  • Mormonism
    Founded by Joseph Smith, claimed to receive visions from God
  • American Temperance Society

    Founded in 1826
  • Seneca Falls Convention

    1848, first women's right conference in America. Drafted the Declaration of Sentiments, called for equality in education, legal rights, and voting.
  • Nat Turner's Rebellion

    Black laborer who organized a slave rebellion in Virginia, killing > 50 whites