Psychology pt 4

• Habituation


  The decrease in response due to the stimulus repeating (Rain pattering)
• Hallucination


  false perception of reality (hearing voices that aren't there)
• Halo Effect


  tendency to assign generally positive/negative traits to a person after observing positive/negative trait respectively.
• Health psychology


  specific field of psych concerned with psych impact on health, physical well being and illness.
• Heuristic


  rules-of-thumb that can be applied to guide decision-making based on a more limited subset of the available information. 
• Heirachy of Needs (Maslow)


  Theory of motivation, saying we must achieve lower level needs (foods,shelter,safety) before higher level needs (belonging, esteem, self-actualization).
• Higher Order Conditioning


  Pairing a second conditioned stimulus w first CS in order to produce of second CR
• Homeostasis


  Tendency of the body and mind to naturally gravitate toward of state of equilibrium/balance
• Humanistic Psychology


  positive view of human nature+belief in psychological homeostasis.
• Humanistic Therapy


  treatment focused on increasing awareness of one's self concept
• Hypnotherapist 


  heightened state of concentration and focused attention. Guided by a trained, certified hypnotist or hypnotherapist, hypnosis allows you to be more open to suggestions to making healthful changes in your perceptions, sensations, emotions, memories, thoughts or behaviors.
• Hypothesis


  prediction about relationship between 2 or more variables (if, then statement).
• ID


  in psychoanalytical theory, part of personality that has primitive impulses (hunger, anger,sex).
• Inappropriate Effect


  expressing contradictory behaviors when describing or experiencing an emotion
• Independent variable 


  variable in experiment that is manipulated
• Inductive reasoning


  decision making process where ideas are processed specific to general
• Industrial/ Organization (I/0) psychology


  area or specialty on psych focused on application of psycholgival principles in work force.
• Innate


  occurring without learning, inborn
• Insight


  The understanding of a relationship between current thoughts, feelings, and/or behaviors and where these originated or how

  they are maintained.
• Internal Locus of Control


  The belief that an individual has more control over life circumstances than the environment does.
• Instinct


  A behavior we are born with and therefore does not need to be learned.
• Intelligence


  The ability to adapt to one’s environment.
• Intelligence Quotient [IQ]


  The scores achieved on psychological tests aimed at quantifying intellectual ability. (100=average)
• Intrinsic Motivation


  The motivation or desire to do something based on the enjoyment of the behavior itself rather than relying on

  or requiring external reinforcement.
• Introversion


  The tendency to focus energy inward resulting in decreased social interaction.
• Just Noticeable Difference


  The smallest change in a sensory perception that is detectable 50% of the time.
• Latent Learning


  Learning that occurs without apparent reinforcement but is not demonstrated until such time as reinforcement occurs.
• Law of Effect


  Theory proposed by Thorndike stating that those responses that are followed by a positive consequence will be repeated more frequently than those that are not.
• Learned Helplessness


  A condition that occurs after a period of negative consequences where the person begins to believe they have no control.
• Legitimate Power -Power derived through one's position, such as a police officer or elected official.
• Learning Theory Based on the idea that changes in behavior result more from experience and less from our personality or how we

  think or feel about a situation.
• Libido -Sigmund Freud’s terminology of sexual energy or sexual drive.
• Locus of Control -A belief about the amount of control a person has over situations in their life.
• Long Term Memory- Relatively permanent memory.
• Lucid Dream A dream in which you are aware of dreaming and are sometimes able to manipulate the dream.
• Mean A method of determining an average where the sum of the scores are divided by the number of scores.
• Measure of Central Tendency An average (see Mean, Median, and/or Mode)
• Median


  A method of determining an average by using the score that falls in the middle of the distribution
• Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, 2nd. Edition


  An Objective test utilizing 567 items which have been empirically derived to measure a variety of psychological concerns
• MMPI-2


  Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, 2nd. Edition