Apush unit 2

• salutary neglect


  not enforcing statutes/acts because too hard or not in debt
• direct tax


  tax that is added to the product: negative reaction
• Mercantile Laws


  said colonists could not export goods the British also export and skilled workers could not immigrate to the colonies
• Navigation Acts


  said everything on British ships had to be British with a 3/4 British crew, ships could only stop in British ports, and created a list of enumerated commodities (cash crops); trying to created a monopoly by controlling all trade - ended with Glorious Revolution
• Molasses Act


  tax on molasses (sugar) from any country but Britain; rum distillers in the North would get hurt and complain but not really enforced
• Proclamation of 1763


  says English settlers cannot cross the Appalachian mountains because Britain cannot protect them from Indians; result = Pontiac's Rebellion
• Sugar Act


  cut Molasses Act in half, but enforced; created writs of assistance; colonists got upset, especially rum distillers
• Quartering/Mutiny Act


  Britain sent soldiers to enforce laws; colonists had to pay for provisions or build barracks for soldiers; colonists see soldiers as intruders, not protectors
• Stamp Act


  first DIRECT tax; on all written documents; everyone had to pay it, so big uproar; colonists created a congress
• Stamp Act Congress


  asked for repeal of stamp act and wrote petitions to Parliament; wrote Declaration of the Rights of Grievances of Congress; Parliament repealed Stamp Act because not making money
• Declaratory Act


  Parliament could tax colonies anytime; more no taxation without representation
• Townshend Act


  external duties on paint, lead, tea, and glass; John Dickinson wrote response; Parliament repealed tax on everything but tea
• John Dickinson


  wrote "Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer"
• Tea Act


  said colonists could only import tea from British East India Company because company about to go bankrupt; result = Boston Tea Party
• Intolerable/Coercive Acts


  In Massachusetts: closed Boston harbor until tea paid for; Great Britain officials' trials in England; quartering act - house soldiers; took away from legislature - now ruled by British and shut down taverns; result = Continental Congress
• Quebec Act


  Canada: reward for people there being good; allowed Catholicism, can follow French laws, extend boundary into Ohio River Valley; result = 1st Continental Congress
• Philadelphia


  site of first Continental Congress
• boycott


  First Continental Congress agreed to ________ British goods
• Boston Massacre


  The first bloodshed of the Amercan Revolution, as British guards at the Boston Customs House opened fire on a crowd killing five Americans; Paul Revere painted propaganda picture
• Sons of Liberty


  A radical political organization formed after the passage of the Stamp Act to protest various British acts; organization used both peaceful and violent means of protest
• Daughters of Liberty


  This organization supported the boycott of British goods. They urged Americans to wear homemade fabrics and produce other goods that were previously available only from Britain. They believed that way, the American colonies would become economically independent.
• John Adams


  defended British soldiers in Boston Massacre - said it was self-defense
• Paul Revere, William Dawes, Samuel Prescott


  3 famous men from warning people of British attack on Concord
• Henry Knox


  In 1775 George Washington ordered him, the nation's first secretary of war, to bring the British artillery back to the siege of Boston (Dorchester Heights) that was captured at Fort Ticonderoga.
• Thomas Paine


  wrote "Common Sense;" inspires war/declares independence because "moral obligation" to split
• Bunker Hill


  a battle that took place on the strategic point of Breed's Hill. British victory on account of the depletion of American supplies. yet gave them confidence- It pushed Americans towards a final decision for war
• Olive Branch Petition


  last attempt to reconcile with Great Britain, Still pledge loyalty to King George III but are still asking Britain to respect the rights and liberties of the colonies, repeal oppressive legislation, and British troops out of the colonies; George III didn't want anything to do with them and declared all colonies in a state of rebellion
• list of grievances


  largest section of Declaration of Independence
• John Locke


  wrote "Two Treaties on Government;" Jefferson emulated this work and its call for the rights of life, liberty, and property in the Declaration of Independence
• Land Ordinance of 1785


  A law that divided much of the United States into a system of townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers to populate the Ohio River Valley; created subsidized education
• Northwest Ordinance of 1787


  Created the Northwest Territory (area north of the Ohio River and west of Pennsylvania), established conditions for self-government and statehood (applying to Congress), included a Bill of Rights, and permanently prohibited slavery
• OH, IL, IN, MI, WI


  5 territories/states created by Northwest Ordinance of 1767
• Shay's Rebellion


  a rebellion by debtor farmers in western Massachusetts (on Springfield), led by Revolutionary War against Boston creditors. it began in 1786 and lasted half a year, threatening the economic interests of the business elite and contributing to the demise of the Articles of Confederation.
• Philadelphia Convention


  Beginning on May 25, 1787, the convention recommended by the Annapolis Convention was held in Philadelphia. The convention lasted 16 weeks, and on September 17, 1787, produced the present Constitution of the United States
• George Washington


  President of the Philadelphia Convention
• James Madison


  father of the Constitution - wrote it based on the Virginia Plan
• Thomas Jefferson


  first ambassador to France; called the Philadelphia Convention an "assembly of demigods"
• John Adams


  first ambassador to Great Britain
• Great Compromise


  Compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature and representation based on population in the other house
• Federalist


  supporters of the constitution during the debate over its ratification; favored a strong national government