TOV

• Britain - David Lloyd George

  USA - Wilson

  France Clemenceau
• Britain aims: Punish Germany but not too harshly

  Britain and germany to be trading partners

  Motives: needed to punish Germany so people were happy

  Didnt want revenge or revolution
• France aims: Cripple Germany financially and territorially

  Protect Frances borders

  Germany to accept war guilt and reparations from Germany

  Motive:

  France had been occupied 2 days before

  France had huge casualties and lost industy
• USA aims - Lasting peace

  All to disarm and no secret treaties

  LON to be created

  Motives:

  Prevent future war

  Increase Trade

  strengthen democracy
• Germany military terms:

  100,000 men

  No conscription, airforce or tanks

  6 battleships

  demilitarisation of Rhileland
• Germany Financial terms:

  Reparations of 6.6 billion agreed in 1921

  Coal in saar region to France for 15 years
• Germany had to accept article 231 (war guilt)
• Germany territory terms:

  All oversea colonies lost to members of LON

  Alsace Lorrain area given to France

  Anschluss forbidden with Austria
• Public influence:

  Lloyd George won elections by promising to may Germany pay

  Over 2/3 of french soldiers died so revenge was a must from Clemenceau
• France gain - Alsace Lorrain and military restrictions on Germany and gained colonies for France

  Loss - Wanted higher reparations and military restrictions as they thought Germany would recover

  Wanted Rhineland but only demilitarised
• Britain gain - 13 million population increase due to colonies in Africa from Germany

  Germany lost Navy so Royal navy was still dominant

  German economy not crippled so Britain can trade with them and communism wouldnt seep in

  Loss:

  Didnt want German people to be divided as it would cause resentment

  Under Pressure from public for harsh TOV to avenge 1 million dead
• USA gains - Achieved some of the 14 points including disarmament, LON and some countries got self determination

  France agreed to lower reparations and let Germany only demilitarise Rhineland

  Loss - France and British empire increased

  Germany lost navy going aginst freedom of the seas
• German people response:

  Hated war guilt clause as they beleive others were to blame

  Disarmament was too harsh as they were surrounded by powerful countries

  Saw TOV as dictat as they couldnt negotiate
• German instability:

  Right wing hated TOV and staged coups

  Freikorps under Wolfgang launched Kapp Putsch and army refused to fire at them, only stopped by general strike called

  1922 - foreign minister Rathenau was killed by right wing extremists

  Munich Putsch in Nov 1923

  Left wing communists inspired by sparticists failed uprising in jan 1919 and attempted another rebellion in Ruhr 1920
• German economic instability:

  People claimed 6.6 billion reparations and other economic terms would be impossible to deal with

  Germany could not afford to pay 1922 reparations payment, causing Ruhr invasion would crippled economy

  Government printed more money to pau striking workers which led to hyperinflation
• Terms of Brest-Litovsk treaty between Germany and Russia was much harsher than TOV as Germany damaged Russia harshly