MIDTERM

• Cry of Pugad Lawin


  Refers to the event on August 22, 1896, where Andres Bonifacio called for a general meeting at Juan Ramos's house in Pugadlawin, leading to the tearing of cedulas by members of the Katipunan.
• Andres Bonifacio


  A Filipino revolutionary leader who called for the general meeting at Pugadlawin.
• Pio Valenzuela


  A figure who provided an account of the events at Pugadlawin, stating that 500 members joined the meeting.
• Teodoro Plata


  A participant in the Cry of Pugad Lawin who allegedly did not shout in agreement with Bonifacio's call to fight.
• Juan Ramos


  The owner of the house where the Cry of Pugad Lawin took place.
• Lt. Olegario Diaz


  A Spanish guardia civil who provided an alternative account, stating that the Cry of Pugad Lawin took place in Balintawak.
• Pugadlawin


  The location of the meeting called by Bonifacio, where the Cry of Pugad Lawin took place.
• Balintawak


  An alternative location proposed for the Cry of Pugad Lawin by Lt. Olegario Diaz.
• Quezon City

  The city where the date of the Cry of Pugad Lawin was officially declared to be August 23, 1963.
• August 22, 1896


  The date of the Cry of Pugad Lawin, where news about the discovery of the Katipunan spread.
• August 25, 1896


  An alternative date proposed by Lt. Olegario Diaz for the Cry of Pugad Lawin.
• August 26, 1896


  The date mentioned by Pio Valenzuela for the Cry of Pugad Lawin.
• 1963


  The year when the date of the Cry of Pugad Lawin was officially declared to be August 23 in Quezon City.
• Cry


  Refers to the "el grito de rebelión," which could signify various events in Philippine history, including the first clash between Katipunan members and Civil Guards, the tearing up of cedulas in resistance to the Spanish government, or the patriotic shouts accompanying inscriptions of "Viva la Independencia Filipina."
• In actuality, they identified four places: Balintawak, Kangkong, Pugad Lawin, and Bahay Toro, while the dates: 23, 24, 25, or 26 of August 1896
• Based on the account of Guillermo Masangkay, the cry happened on the 26th of August at the house of Apolonio Samson in Balintawak
• Apolonio Samson - the cabeza of that barrio of Caloocan.
• Dr. Pio Valenzuela declared a different version stating that the cry happened in Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896.

  "The first place were some 500 members of the Katipunan met on August 22, 1896, was the house and yard of Apolonio Samson at Kangkong"
• Santiago Alvarez narrated in his account the events that transpired in Bahay Toro on August 24, 1896:
• An uprising to defend the people‟s freedom was to be started at midnight of Saturday, 29 August 1896
• Dr. Milagros C. Guerrero, Dr. Emmanuel N. Encarnacion, and Mr. Ramon Villegas


  They claimed that the cry happened on Tandang Sora‟s barn near Pasong Tamo Road in Sitio Gulod, Barrio Banlat, (then under Caloocan) Quezon City
• Bonifacio invited the Katipuneros in Balintawak so he could discuss his plans for an impending revolution. They gathered at Apolonio Samson‟s place on August 22 to 26, 1896 at Kangkong.
• high ranking members of the Katipunan such as Plata, Pantas, Valenzuela, and Pacheco opposed the staging of an early uprising. They ended up agreeing, through an overwhelming vote, that the revolt would be on August 29, 1896.
• In the said meetings, a de facto revolutionary government led by a war cabinet designated by Bonifacio was confirmed, and the military commands assigned.
• In Balintawak, Apolonio Samson and Melchora Aquino received and provisioned the Katipuneros.
• On August 25, 1896, Laong‟s series of raids on Chinese sari-sari stores in Balintawak poblacion which attracted the Spanish troops. As response, some Katipuneros left Kangkong that night.
• In the morning of August 26, 1896, Spanish troops headed towards Kangkong. As the alarm was raised, the Katipuneros left for Pasong Tamo, where the first shooting between Filipinos and Spaniards encounter happened. On the same day, shortly before the encounter, they tore their cedulas as sign of “irrevocable commitment to revolt.”
• The Cry of Balintwak sowed the seeds of Filipino nationhood