Gender

• Gender - Mead


  3 tribes

  tribe A - both gender co-operative

  tribe B - both violent and aggressive

  tribe C - opposite to USA

  gender roles are socially constructed
• Gender - Oakley


  gender role socialisation in the family

  canalisation

  verbal appellations

  different activities

  manipulation
• Gender - Parsons and Bales


  instrumental vs expressive

  expressive = wome, based on childcare roles but reinforced by society

  instrumental - men, breadwinner and protector
• Gender - Hey


  female groups reinforce patriarchy

  female groups socialise into norms that are rooted in patriarchy and expectations
• Gender - Jackson


  ladettes

  women who spend time drinking, swearing etc for fear of doing otherwise being considered upopular
• Gender - Connell


  3 types of masculinity:

  • hegemonic - macho, dominant
  • subordinate - homosexual
  • marginalised - unemployed
• Gender - Faludi


  crisis for male and female identity

  attitudes towards women can be seen as part of a masculinity issue eg sexual and domestic violence
• Gender - Denscombe


  increase in female risk taking behaviour being related to ladette behaviour